Cell Structure (pt. 2)

prokaryotic flagella

filamentous protein appendage that allow bacteria to move

common pili (fimbrae)

can be all over the outside of the cell and allow bacteria to attach to surfaces and host cells

sex pili

appendage that facilitates DNA transfer between bacteria

peritrichous

bacteria with flagella distributed all over the cell surface

polar

bacteria with only one flagella

movement of prokaryotic flagella

spin like a propeller

movement of eukaryotic flagella

whip like

eukaryotic flagella

appendage covered by plasma membrane and made of microtubules that allow for cell motility

cilia

shorter flagella like structure in eukaryotes that either move material over a cell or the cell forward

intermediate filaments

mechanical support in eukaryotic cells particularly around the nucleus

movement of chemotaxis

tumbles and runs

energy used to power prokaryotic flagella

proton motive force

energy used to power eukaryotic flagella

ATP

chemotaxis

sensing chemicals and moving toward or away

plasmid

circular structure that contains nonessential bacterial information

chromosome

circular structure that contains essential and nonessential bacterial information

endospore

dormant survival form of a cell that is resistant to extreme conditions

sporulation

process of vegetative cell becoming an endospore

germination

process of an endospore becoming a vegetative cell

storage ganulues

extra nutrients kept as polymers in a cell when in excess