HIST 2110: Chapter 5 - Jacksonian Democracy and Westward Settlement

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, historical figures, legislation, and concepts from HIST 2110 Chapter 5 lecture notes on Jacksonian Democracy and Westward Settlement.

Industrialization

Expansion of machine-based manufacturing and factory labor.

Market Revolution

Early nineteenth-century economic transformation involving wage labor, national markets, factories, transportation, and communication.

Labor Movement

Workers organizing to improve wages, hours, and factory conditions.

Canals

Artificial waterways that helped goods move more quickly and cheaply.

Railroad

Transportation innovation that connected markets and sped up business.

Corrupt Bargain

Accusation involving the 1824 election in which Henry Clay supported John Quincy Adams, who later named Clay secretary of state.

American System

Economic development program associated with Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams; included tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank.

Tariff of Abominations

1828 protective tariff that sparked strong southern opposition.

Jacksonian Democracy

Political shift toward the will of the majority and expanded voting among white men, led by Andrew Jackson and the new Democratic Party.

Nullification Crisis

Conflict over state versus federal authority sparked when South Carolina challenged federal tariffs; Jackson issued a proclamation in 1832.

Indian Removal Act

1830 law supporting removal of southeastern Native nations to Indian Territory.

Trail of Tears

Forced Cherokee removal westward, causing great suffering and thousands of deaths.

Missouri Compromise

1820 effort to preserve sectional balance: Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine as a free state, with restrictions on slavery in much of the Louisiana Purchase territory.

Mexican Cession

Territory transferred from Mexico to the United States under the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

Wilmot Proviso

Proposal to ban slavery in territory gained from Mexico; expressed antislavery expansion sentiment.

Free-Soil Party

1848 political coalition of Barnburners and antislavery Whigs opposing slavery expansion into western territories.

Slave Power

Perceived disproportionate political influence of elite southern slaveholders.

Price to Wage Shift

Economic change where workers increasingly received wages for time spent working instead of payment for an independently made product.

Telegraph

Communication innovation that accelerated business during the market revolution.

Nativism

Anti-immigrant sentiment rooted in fear, prejudice, and perceived threats to jobs, politics, and religion.

Slater’s Mill

Early factory located at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, dated 1790 in the lecture slides.

Lowell Factory Girls

Women textile factory workers associated with early industrial labor and organizing.

Code of Deference

Tradition of respecting and following social betters based on birth or accomplishments.

Election of 1824

Presidential election in which no candidate won an Electoral College majority, leading the House of Representatives to choose John Quincy Adams over Andrew Jackson.

Whig Party

Political party that formed in political opposition to Andrew Jackson.

Nullification Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Andrew Jackson in 1832 defending federal authority against South Carolina's nullification challenge.

Bank War

Andrew Jackson’s conflict with the Second Bank of the United States.

Five Civilized Tribes

The Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole nations mentioned in the context of removal.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Supreme Court case concerning Cherokee legal status and sovereignty in relation to the United States.

Worcester v. Georgia

Supreme Court case concerning limits on Georgia’s authority in Cherokee territory and principles of tribal sovereignty.

Manifest Destiny

Belief used to justify U.S. territorial expansion across North America.

Spot Resolutions

Questions introduced by Abraham Lincoln challenging President Polk’s claim about where fighting with Mexico began.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1848 treaty that ended the Mexican-American War and transferred the Mexican Cession to the United States.

Popular Sovereignty

Idea that settlers should decide issues such as slavery by majority vote.

Barnburners

New York Democratic faction associated with opposition to slavery expansion.

Hunkers

Rival Democratic faction more accommodating toward established party leadership.

Lewis Cass

Democratic presidential candidate in the election of 1848 associated with popular sovereignty.

Zachary Taylor

Whig candidate who won the presidential election of 1848.