RPH - Midterm Reviewer

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Refers to the study and interpretation by a historian on the data and other source of the past human activity, people, societies and civilizations leading to the present day.

Refers to the study and interpretation by a historian on the data and other source of the past human activity, people, societies and civilizations leading to the present day.

History

Three Important Concepts in the Definition of History

1. History is based on past events.

2. It is interpreted by someone, usually a historian.

3. History relies on data and documents which they call as HISTORICAL RESOURCES.

History relies on data and documents which historians call as _______.

Historical Resources

Etymologically, the word history came from the Greek word Historia, which means ______.

Inquiry

A _______ is an expert or student of history, especially that of a particular period, geographical region or social phenomenon.

Historian

Name the three kinds of sources of history.

1. Primary Sources

2. Secondary Sources

3. Tertiary Sources

What kind of source:

a testimony of an individual who was a participant in or a direct witness to the event that is being described.

Primary

What kind of source:

It is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under a study.

Primary

What kind of source:

Those sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event.

Primary

Enumerate the five main categories of primary sources.

1. Written Sources

2. Numerical Records

3. Oral Statements

4. Relics

5. Images

A ______ interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.

Secondary Source

It is prepared by an individual who was not direct witness to an event, but not who obtained his or her description of the event from someone else. They may have pictures, votes or graphics of primary sources in them.

Secondary Source

It provides third hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary source.

Tertiary Source

It is also known as the historical-critical method, it is a branch of criticism that investigates the origin of text or source in order to understand the word behind the text.

Historical Criticism

The primary goal of _______ is to discover the text primitive or original historical context and its literal sense. The secondary goal seeks establish a reconstruction of historical situation of the author and recipients of the text.

Historical Criticism / Historical - Critical Method

Name the two types of historical criticism:

1. External Criticism

2. Internal Criticism

What type of criticism investigates the document’s form?

External Criticism

What type of criticism investigates the content of the documents?

Internal Criticism

Historical criticism has also often sought answers to the ever-elusive question of what is called _______.

Authorial Intent

This type of criticism looks for the obvious sign of forgery or misrepresentation.

External Criticism

This type of criticism tests the authenticity of the sources.

External Criticism

It is interested in the writing styles of the eyewitness and his ignorance of the facts. The historian also analyzes the original manuscript; its integrity, localization and the date it was written.

External Criticism

To ascertain if a particular data is fabricated, forge, fake, corrupted or a hoax, that source must undergo the ________.

Test of Authenticity

Steps to Test of Authenticity

1. to determine the date of document to see whether it is anachronistic.

2. to determine the author’s handwriting, signature or seal.

3. looking for the anachronistic style. In this test we will examine idiomatic expression or the orthography used in the documents.

4. the anachronistic reference to events.

5. the provenance or custody of the document. Provenance is the place of origin of earliest known history of documents. It traces the roots of any source.

The other two test of authenticity

Semantics and Hermeneutics

Is the linguistic study of meaning.

Semantics

Is theory and methodology of interpretation.

Hermeneutics

It investigates the content or substance of a document and the author’s point of view. This type of criticism tests the credibility of the source.

Internal Criticism

This type of criticism looks for deeper or more intense study of sources.

Internal Criticism

Steps to Test of Credibility

1. Identification of the author.

2. Testing the credibility of the eyewitness is to determine the approximate date.

3. Ability to tell the truth.

4. Willingness to tell the truth.

5. Look for corroboration.

What type of Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources is being described?

First the researcher must provide brief biographical sketch of the author or creator of the primary source. Family background, educational attainment, religion and many others shall be given priority in presenting the biography of the author. Special attention must also be given to the first four steps of the test of credibility discussed in the previous module.

Background of the Author/Creator

What type of Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources is being described?

Basic background of the source like the type of primary source, how many parts or chapter, how long is the document shall be given attention. Next is to locate where the primary source can be found. The repository of primary sources may be found in the library, archive, museum, historical society or special collection of private individuals.

Background of the Document/Primary Source

What type of Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources is being described?

First look for corroboration between the research you gather from the internet and the primary source that your instructor has given to you. They may not use exact the same word or they can express the same information in different ways and we can still use as corroboration. Look also if your source agrees with information from another source. Attention also must be the given to the intended audience and purpose.

Content Analysis of the Important Historical Information Found in the Document

What type of Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources is being described?

In this activity look for the cause and consequences of the primary sources. A cause is a person or thing that makes something happens while a consequences is a direct result of the cause. Example is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. That event is the cause while being converted to Catholicism is the effect or the consequence.

Contribution and Relevance of the Document in Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History

What type of Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources is being described?

Look for the historical significance or what modern people consider to be important from the past. There are many events in our history we have to choose but few people, events or ideas to focus on. Since significant is a decision we make, it means different people can decide different thing are particularly the most important. They can disagree also the reason why particular event is important.

Relevance of the documents to the present time

He was born on October 24, 1857 in Badoc Ilocos Norte. He is the third among seven children of a well to do couple Joaquin Luna ad Laureana Novicio.

Juan Luna (1857-1899)

What is the name of Juan Luna’s wife?

Maria de la Paz Pardo de Tavera

The Parisian Life is also known as ______.

Inside a Café

Inside a Café is ______ (year) oil on canvas painting that measures ______ which was made in _______.

1892, 22”x31”, Paris, France

In the Parisian Life, one of the interpretations claims that the lady is the mirror image of what?

The Philippine Archipelago

When was the exact date the Spaniards arrive in the Philippine Archipelago, according to Pigafetta’s account?

March 16, 1521

Who was the captain of the voyage Pigafetta was referring to?

Ferdinand Magellan

What is the exact date of the declaration of independence?

June 12, 1898

Where did the declaration of independence take place?

Cavite-Viejo, Province of Cavite

What year did the former president Corazon Aquino deliver the Speech before the Joint Session of the United State Congress?

1896

According to Pigafetta, when was the first mass celebrated?

March 31, 1521

What were the two major events that happened in the The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny?

1. 1872 Cavite Mutiny

2. The martyrdom of the three martyr priests

Who were the three martyr priests?

Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (GOMBURZA)

When, even though it cannot be accepted as historically accurate, was the Cry of Pugadlawin dated?

August 23, 1896

Who was the only eyewitness which was considered not enough to authenticate and verify a controversial issue in history in the Cry of Pugadlawin or Balintawak?

Dr. Pio Valenzuela

What are the three events mentioned in “One Past but Many Histories"“?

1. The First Mass Site in the Philippines

2. The Two Faces of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny

3. Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin?

Which of the following is best classified as a source other than relic?

A. A monument

B. A Legal Record

C. A piece of furniture

D. An original painting

B. A Legal Record

According to National Historical Commission the first mass happens at _____?

Limasawa

These are gifts given by the Spaniards after blood compact celebration, except?

A. Image of the Blessed Virgin Mary

B. Bust of Christ

C. Gold

D. Sto. Nino

C. Gold

Limasawa Claim: Antonio Pigafetta; Butuan Claim    : ______________

Francisco Albo (Arc - 2105)

Priest who held the first first mass according to Antonio Pigafetta.

Father Pedro de Valderama

It describes the author’s position on an issue and the rational for that position and, in the same way that a research paper incorporates supportive evidence, is based on facts that provide a solid foundation for the author’s argument.

Position Paper

An interview with a World War II combat veteran is best described as kind of historical source material? 

Oral Statement

Expert or student of history, that interpret particular period, geographical region or phenomena. 

Historian

It determines significance of the event and has an acronym “NAME”. 

NOVELTY, APPLICABILITY, MEMORY, AND EFFECT

Wife of Andres Bonifacio

GREGORIA DE JESUS

It is an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of the past.

Historical Source / Sources of History

It is prepared by an individual who was not direct witness to an event, but not who obtained his or her description of the event from someone else.

SECONDARY SOURCE

This kind of source are encyclopedia, almanac Wikipedia, YouTube, dictionaries, message boards, social media sites and other search sites.

TERTIARY SOURCE

Branch of criticism that investigates the origin of text or source in order to understand the word behind the text.

HISTORICAL CRITICISM

The five (5) ships used in the Magellan Expedition

TRINIDAD, SAN ANTONIO, VICTORIA, CONCEPCION, SANTIAGO

Uy ano ‘to

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