APush Unit 5

Who is Joseph Smith?

Founder of the Mormon Church and publisher of the Book of Morman

Santa Fe Trail:

Allowed the U.S. to sell goods to Texas south»»west

Orgen Trail:

Led to massive immigration of western farmers in 1840s and demanded the joint of U.S. British occupation of Oregon

California Trail:

Allowed traders and ranchers to move to California for gold in the 1840’s and 1850’s

Mormon Trail:

route that members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) traveled from 1846 to 1869 to escape religious persecution and build a new homeland

Treaty of Fort Laramie:

Created a vast Indian territory but was repeatedly ignored by whites that were expanding west

Westward Expansion:

Brought conflict with Indians such as Black Hawk War, as trails disrupted hunting grounds and violated previous treaty agreements

Black Hawk War:

a brief, violent conflict in 1832 between the United States and a coalition of Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader

Manifest Destiny: (define)

The spread of settlers beyond U.S. borders led to widespread calls or annexation of newly settled lands

—Belief that it is our duty to control all of the west, and the the United States should control all the land between the Atlantic to the Pacific.

What did John O’ Sullivan say and believe?

-God wants the USA to become bigger and stronger

-Expansion of American democracy & economic opportunities were a good miss

Who painted this and what is the name of it?

“American Progress” painting by John Gast, 1872

What was the cause of the Aroostook War

Conflict between the Maine border between Maine and Canada steamed because of vague boundary descriptions in the 1783 Treaty of Paris and intense competition over valuable timberlands and strategic land routes

Why was Mexico interested in growing cotton?

Cotton held a very high value at the time

Who becomes the wealthiest man at the time in Texas?

Stephen F. Austin

Because the American settlers didn’t like the Mexican laws, and did S. Austin do?

He formed protests, revolvtss, and rebellions with he American people so they can fight back against the laws

What laws were the Mexicans implementing?

Converting to Catholicism, banning slavery, speaking Spanish

Who arrested S. Austin

Santa Anna, he later became a president and then a dicator

Why was Texas denied statehood despite repeatedly requesting annexation in the United States?

The balance of power between free states and slave states

Who were the candidates in the 1844 election?

Henry Clay and James K. Polk

Who won the 1844 election?

James K. Polk

For Texas to be admitted as a slave states what had to happen?

Oregon was free state to balance out the powers

what was the spark of the mexican american war?

a border clash on April 25, 1846, in the disputed territory between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande

What were the causes to the Mexican-American War?

the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, a fierce border dispute over whether the southern boundary of Texas was the Rio Grande or the Nueces River, and President James K. Polk’s expansionist policy of "Manifest Destiny"

Who supported the Mexican-American War?

The south

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

Ended the Mexican American war in 1848 in favor of the U.S.

What happened after the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo was signed?

The U.S. gained “all” of Texas to the Rio Grande River

Gadsen Purchase:

Bought 5 years after the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, the U.S. bought to complete a southern railroad

What led to the Manifest Destiny in California?

In the 1830’s Mexico offered cheap land to American ranchers and farmers to move to Cali, following the same policy as in Texas

Who was John Fremont

Known as “the Pathfinder”, tried to find the easiest paths across California

What did John Fremont and his armored military organize?

When they disagreed with the Mexican government they recruited people to overthrow the Mexican gov members, used Fremont as a weapon of revolt

What are John Fremont and his people known as?

The Bear Flag Republic

By the end of the 1840’s what had happened to the US?

The U.S. had achieved manifest destiny