Atoms and Molecules + Matter Classification + Subatomic Particle

Atom

is the smallest part of an element that still retains the properties of the element

Molecules

Just has to be atoms bonded together

Element

all the same type of atom

• H2

• O2

• C

• Ag

• Au

• Na

Compound

two different atoms and a bond

• H2O

• H2O2

• CO2

• NaCl

Mixture

2 pure substances mixed together

How does an atom relate to an element?

Multiple same type of atoms

How are compounds different from elements?

Compounds are diff. atoms bonded together, while elements are the same atoms not bonded

Which of the models represent pure substances? How do you know?

Elements, b/c you cannot break it down further.

(Compounds has to be broken down chemically)

Would you be able to tell if the model was a homogeneous or heterogenous mixture?

No, too hard to tell

Matter

anything that has mass and takes up space → volume

Solid

• rigid, fixed shape

• fixed volume

• particles touch

  • strong attraction

• vibrate/shake

• higher densities

Liquid

• indefinite shape

  • take shape of container

• particles “bump” into each other

• fixed volume

• “medium” densities

Gas

• quick and random movement

• weak particle attraction

• indefinite shape and volume

• compressible

• lower densities

Pure substances

can only be broken down chemically and make up mixtures

• elements

• compounds

Mixtures

physical blend of pure substances

• Heterogeneous

• Homogeneous

Homogeneous

• uniform throughout (salt water)

  • coffee

  • tea

  • salt

  • water

  • brass

  • steel (alloys)

  • air

• 2 substances

• also called “solutions”

Heterogenous

• Physically see substances

  • sand

  • salad

  • cheeseburger

  • chocolate cookie

  • pizza

  • oreo

• 2 or more substances

Proton

• 1 amu (gram)

• positive

• inside nucleus

• if it changes:

  • element identity changes

Electron

• 0 amu

• negative

• outside nucleus

• if it changes:

  • ions forms

    • + cation

    • - anion

Neutron

• 1 amu

• neutral

• inside the nucleus

• if it changes:

  • change mass

    • Isotopes = mass is different from mass #