Assesment 3 terms

Somatic cells

all but gametes

Chromatid

double stranded copy of replicated chromosome

Chromatin

Complex of DNA and proteins in nucleus

Actin Ring

Causes cleavage furrow

Binary Fission

Cell replication in bacteria

Mitosis promoting factor

protein that begins mitosis (on in G2 check, off in M check)

Neoplasm

accumulation of cancer cells

Metastasis

migration of malignant cancer cells

Chromosome

double helix around histone proteins

Homologoud chromosomes

2 separate chromos from different parents

Strand

polymer of DNA

2 types of chromosomes

sex + autosome

Ploidy

number of each type of chromo

synapsis

pairing of homo chromosomes

Bivalent

structure formed by synapsis

Chaisma

structure from crossing over

3 Mech for genetic variation

Synapsis/cross over, independent assort, self fertilization

Kareotype

all chromosomes pictured

required characteristic of genetic material

complex info for phenotypes, must transmit from parent to offspring, must be replicated, capacity to vary

Hybrid Strand

1 old one new

Helicase

breaks H-bonds and unzips

single-strand DNA-binding proteins (SSBPs)

stabilizes single DNA strands

Topoisomerase

breaks and joins double helix to relieve tension

Primase

makes (RNA) primers

DNA Polymerase III

extends leading strand (adds bases) (can proofread)

Sliding Clamp

holds DNA polymerase in place

DNA polymerase I

removes RNA primer and replaces with DNA (lagging)

DNA ligase

joins okazaki fragments

Genome

entire amnt of DNA in cell

Origin of replication

where replication starts

Replisome

Replication bubble complex with all proteins and enzymes

Telomeres

ends of strands

Telomerase

makes telomers

Genotype

combo of alleles

Law of Segregation

each parent has 2 copies of each allele that are passed to offspring randomly

Self-fertilization

how pure lines reproduce

Pure Line

Homozygous for one trait (used to make hybrids)

Mendel Studied 7 Traits

Seed shape+color, Pod shape+color, Flower color, flower + pod position, and stem length

Reciprocal Cross

male crossed to female = female cross to male

Mendels model states

peas have 2 copy of genes, genes r inherited, gametes have one copy of each allele, M+F contribute equally to genotype, some alleles are dominanat