2M: Serving Bedpans and Urinals with Perineal Care

bedside commode

A mobile, chair-like frame equipped with a toilet seat and a removable collection bucket underneath

bedside commode

It serves as an intermediate toileting device for patients who are too weak, unsteady, or short of breath to walk to the bathroom because of illness, injury, surgery, disability, or limited mobility.

bedpan

A shallow, portable receptacle designed to collect urine and feces from a patient who is confined to bed and unable to use a toilet or bedside commode.

• standard (regular) pan

• fracture pan

two types of bedpan

standard (regular) pan

Has a higher, contoured rim to fit the curves of the buttocks, requiring the patient to lift their hips or be rolled onto their side. (bedpan)

fracture pan

Has a flat, low-profile end designed to slide easily under patients who cannot lift their hips (e.g., patients with hip fractures, spinal cord injuries, or severe immobility). (bedpan)

edema

Refers to swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues.

edema

It occurs when small blood vessels (capillaries) leak fluid into surrounding interstitial spaces, often due to underlying cardiac, renal, or hepatic disease, immobility, or localized inflammation/trauma.

micturition

this is the process by which the urinary bladder empties when it becomes filled with urine

micturition

It involves a coordinated reflex arc where the detrusor muscle contracts, the internal and external urethral sphincters relax, and urine passes out through the urethra.

perineum

The anatomical surface area located between the pubic symphysis (front) and the coccyx/anus (back).

vulva and anus

where does perineum lie in females?

scrotum and anus

where does the perineum lie in males?

perineal care

The cleansing of the genital and anal area.

perineal care

It is performed after bedpan or urinal use, as part of a bed bath, or routinely for patients who are incontinent, bedbound, or have indwelling urinary catheters.

perineal flushing

a specialized method of performing perineal care by pouring, spraying, or flushing warm water or a prescribed solution over the perineal region, rather than relying solely on wiping with washcloths

perineal irrigation

other name of perineal flushing

puerperium

The approximately six-week period after childbirth when the mother’s 8 body returns to its non-pregnant state

puerperium

During this time, the perineal area may need special hygiene and care, especially if there are postpartum wounds, swelling, or vaginal discharge.

smegma

A normal, cheesy-looking buildup of dead skin cells, skin oils, and moisture that can collect around the genitals.

around the clitoris and folds of the labia

where can you find smegma in females?

under the foreskin

where can you find smegma in males?

urinal

A portable, vessel-shaped receptacle designed specifically for collecting urine from a patient who cannot walk to the bathroom or use a toilet independently.

males

for which is the urinal that has a contoured, angled opening?

females

for which is the urinal that has a wider, oval, and flat-edged adapter?

urinary retention

A condition where an individual cannot empty all or part of the urine from their bladder

urinary retention

It happens when a blockage stops urine from flowing out, or when the muscles of the bladder cannot squeeze hard enough

andrology

the study of the male reproductive organs

scrotum

a rugated, skin-covered muscular pouch suspended from the perineum

scrotum

Its most important physiological function is temperature regulation of the testes

testes

paired, oval-shaped male reproductive glands located within the scrotum

seminiferous tubules

sites of sperm production

leydig cell / interstitial cells

cells responsible for testosterone production

penis

the external male reproductive organ

penis

It also serves as a passageway for urine through the urethra

glans penis

the enlarged distal portion of the penis

corpus cavernosum

paired erectile tissue that becomes filled with blood during erection

corpus spongiusum

erectile tissue surrounding the urethra

urethra

passageway for semen and urine

prepuce / foreskin

fold of skin covering the glans in an uncircumcised male

penis

functions primarily in sexual intercourse and in the delivery of semen into the female reproductive tract

epididymis

a long, tightly coiled tube attached to each testis

epididymis

It receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules

vas deferens

a muscular tube that carries sperm from the epididymis toward the ejaculatory duct

ejaculatory duct

formed by the union of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle

urethra

It transports sperm and glandular secretions into the urethra.

urethra

a tube that extends through the penis

accessory reproductive glands

produce secretions that combine with sperm to form semen

seminal vesicle

paired glands located posterior to the urinary bladder (male gland)

seminal vesicles

They produce a significant portion of seminal fluid

seminal vesicles

Their secretion contains substances that provide nourishment and support for sperm, including fructose

seminal fluid

To contribute nutrient-rich fluid to semen and support sperm survival and movement

prostate gland

located inferior to the urinary bladder and surrounds part of the urethra (male gland)

prostate gland

It produces prostatic fluid, which becomes part of semen and contributes to the environment required for sperm function.

prostate gland

To contribute fluid and substances that support sperm viability and movement

bulbourethral gland

small paired glands located inferior to the prostate

bulbourethral glands

Produces a lubricating secretion that contributes to the fluid entering the urethra before ejaculation

semen

the fluid ejaculated from the male reproductive trac

semen

It consists of spermatozoa combined with secretions from the reproductive glands

GnRH

stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release the gonadotropins FSH and LH

FSH

acts primarily on the seminiferous tubules and supports the process of sperm production

LH

stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to produce testosterone

testosterone

the major male sex hormone

negative feedback

This helps regulate the secretion of GnRH, LH, and FSH and prevents excessive hormone production.

puberty

the period during which the reproductive system becomes mature and capable of reproduction

gynecology

The study of the female reproductive organs

vulva

refers collectively to the external female genitalia

mons pubis

a rounded pad of fatty tissue located over the symphysis pubis

mons pubis

Provides cushioning and protection to the underlying pubic region

labia majora

the larger external folds of skin that surround and protect the other external genital structures

labia majora

hey contain connective and fatty tissue and become more prominent after puberty

labia minora

smaller folds located medial to the labia majora

labia minora

They help protect the openings of the urethra and vagina

clitoris

a highly sensitive erectile organ located anteriorly within the vulva

clitoris

It contains erectile tissue and has an important role in sexual arousal and response (female)

vestibule

the area enclosed by the labia minora

greater vestibular glands / bartholin glands

located near the vaginal opening (gland)

greater vestibular glands

They produce secretions that contribute to lubrication of the vulvar and vaginal region.

fourchette

a ridge of tissue formed by the posterior joining of the labia minora and labia majora

fourchette

During childbirth, this area may stretch or tear as the vaginal opening enlarges

perineal body

a muscular area posterior to the fourchette

perineal body

It stretches during childbirth and contributes to support of the pelvic structures

ovaries

paired female reproductive glands located within the pelvic cavity

fallopian tubes

paired muscular tubes extending from the uterus toward the ovaries

interstitial portion

the part of the fallopian tube that passes through the wall of the uterus

isthmus

the narrow portion of the fallopian tube located between the interstitial portion and the ampulla

ampulla

the longest portion of the fallopian tube

ampulla

It is the usual site where fertilization occurs.

infundibulum

the funnel-shaped distal end of the fallopian tube

fimbriae

finger-like projections of the fallopian tubes

uterus

a hollow, muscular reproductive organ located within the pelvis between the urinary bladder and rectum

fundus

the rounded upper portion of the uterus

body

the main central portion of the uterus

cervix

the lower, narrower portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina

cervical canal

the passageway through the cervix

internal os

the opening between the uterine cavity and cervical canal

external os

the opening between the cervical canal and vagina

vagina

a muscular, elastic canal extending from the cervix to the external genitalia

rugae

The folds in the vaginal wall which allow the vagina to expand when necessary.

oogenenis

the process by which female reproductive cells or gametes develop and mature