T1: Civil vs Criminal Law

parties involved in civil law

private plaintiff vs private defendant

standard of proof in civil law

on the balance of probabilities

burden of proof in civil law

rests with the plaintiff

examples in civil law

breach of contract, personal injury

penalties in civil law

financial compensation, restraining orders/injunctions

public or private in civil law

private

courts in civil law

county court/high court

terminology in civil law

sued, liable

parties involved in criminal law

government vs private defendant

standard of proof in criminal law

beyond a reasonable doubt

burden of proof in criminal law

rests with the government

examples in criminal law

burglary, dui, murder

penalties in criminal law

fine, incarceration, restraining orders/injunctions

public or private in criminal law

public

courts in criminal law

magistrates' court/crown court

terminology in criminal law

prosecuted, guilty

law

a set of rules established and enforced by the government

enforcement in law

enforced by legal institutions like courts and police

scope in law

applies to everyone within a jurisdiction

consequences in law

violations result in legal penalties such as fines, imprisonment, or other sanctions

examples of law

traffic laws, criminal laws, business regulations

what is morality?

a set of principles or values that guide individual behaviour

what does morality guide individuals based on?

what is considered right or wrong

enforcement in morality

enforced by social norms and personal conscience

scope in morality

can vary widely between different cultures, religions, and individuals

consequences in morality

violations result in social disapproval, guilt, or loss of reputation

examples of morality

honesty, kindness, respect for others

differences in source

laws are created by formal institutions, while moral principles often arise from cultural, religious, or personal beliefs

differences in enforcement mechanism

laws are enforced by the state, whereas morality is enforced by social and personal mechanisms

differences in flexibility

laws are more rigid and specific, while moral principles can be more flexible and subjective

differences in purpose

laws aim to maintain public order and protect rights, while morality aims to guide personal behaviour and social harmony