Exam 4 Study Guide

To study the relationship between church attendance na prejudice, Allport developed the ——

religious orientation scale

— is empirically defined as occurring within an individual and involving a positive attitude change toward a transgressor or particular transgression

forgiveness

Research suggests our digital footprint predicts our personality (T/F)

True

According to Buss, personality traits exist because they ——

solve problems of survival and reproduction

Gordan Allport emphasized the —— of the individual

uniqueness

Allport showed a willingness to study in depth ——

a single individual

According to Allport, personality is ——

organized and patterned

According to Allport, proprium behavior includes ——

basic drives, habitual behaviors, and tribal customs

The master system of motivation that confers unity of personality in ALlport’s theory is ——

propriate functional autonomy

What is not functionally autonomous according to Allport?

biological drives, reflex actions, sublimations tied to direct sexual desires

According to Costa and McRae, what is not a central component of personality?

Traits

According to the big five factor theory, —— are acquired personality structures that develop as people adapt to their environment and include habits, skills, and beliefs.

Characteristic adaptations

Which is not a peripheral component

Traits

According to the big five factor theory, which is not a postulate for basic tendencies

reinforcement

Which is not q basic assumption of social cognitive theory?

Reinforcement

According to Bandura —— is the confidence that they can perform those behaviors that will produce desired behaviors in a particular situation

self-efficacy

According to Bandura, which does not contribute to self-efficacy?

Positive reinforcement

Big Five Traits by Costa And McRae (O)

Openness - distinguishes people who prefer variety from those who need closure and gain comfort in familiarity

Big Five Traits by Costa And McRae (C)

Conscientiousness -describes people who are ordered, controlled, organized and self-disciplined

Big Five Traits by Costa And McRae (E)

Extraversion -high scorers are affectionate, jovial, talkative, and fun loving

Big Five Traits by Costa And McRae (A)

Agreeableness - distinguishes soft hearted people from ruthless ones, high scorers are trusting/generous/good natured

Big Five Traits by Costa And McRae (N)

Neuroticism - high scorers are anxious, temperamental, self-conscious, emotional and vulnerable to stress-related disorders

List the personality traits that Buss considered evolved mechanisms

surgency/extraversion/dominance, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness/intellect

—— refers to a person’s expectation that some specific reinforcement or set of reinforcements will occur in a given situation

expectancy

According to Rotter, —— is the possibility that a particular response will occur at a given time and place

behavior potential

—— was an important figure in the early years of psychometrics and worked on early factor theories of personality

Raymond B. Cattell

Correlations of scores with factors are calculated into factor loadings. This briefly describes ——

factor analysis

The big five factor theory contains traits that are ——

Bipolar

The most recent test developed by Costa and McRae to assess the Big Five Theory is the ——

NEO-3

According to Costa and McRae —— are one of the central components of personality along with characteristic adaptations, self-concept, biological bases, objective biography, and external influences

Basic tendencies

Which is not a peripheral component of the Big Five Factor Theory

internal assumptions

A high score on —— would appear tense, jittery, anxious, easily frightened, easily embarrassed, and quick tempered

Neuroticism

Low scores on this trait do not get much pleasure from social situations. They do not take a personal interest in the people with whom they work. May be perceived as shy.

Extraversion

Individuals who score high on this trait tend to have an active imagniation and fantasy life They usually like to try new things

Openness

High scorers on this scale tend to believe that most people are basically well-intentioned, honest, and trustworthy

Agreeableness

Which is not one of Hans Eysenck’s dimensions of personality

agreeableness

Reasearch into Eysenck’s theory has found that —— have low cortical arousal

extraverts

Research into Eysneck’s theory indicates that —— is associated with neuroticism.

increased physiological arousal