Bone Basics Unit

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the introductory concepts of the skeletal system, including bone functions, skeletal divisions, bone classifications, and living tissue composition.

Adult Human Skeleton

The framework of the human body composed of both cartilage and 206 living bones.

Bone Tissue

A type of active, living connective tissue characterized by an extracellular matrix called osteoid.

Osteoid

The matrix that characterizes bone connective tissue.

Axial Skeleton

The division of the skeleton consisting of bones located on or near the midline, including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton

The division of the skeleton consisting of bones away from the midline, including the limbs (arms and legs) and the bones that attach limbs to the trunk (shoulder and hip bones).

Living Tissues in Bone

Active tissues found within bone organs, including bone tissue, cartilage, dense connective tissue, blood, and nervous tissue.

Hypophosphatasia

A rare medical condition that causes thin, fragile bone development.

Anchorage

The skeletal function in which skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons, using the bones as levers to facilitate body movement.

Mineral Storage

The skeletal function where bones serve as reservoirs for calcium and phosphate, releasing them into the bloodstream as required.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell production, which takes place in the red marrow of bones.

Yellow Marrow

Tissue located inside long bones that functions primarily in fat storage.

Osteocalcin

A hormone produced by bones that helps regulate and support various body processes.

Long Bones

A structural classification of bones that are longer than they are wide; examples include the femur and finger bones.

Short Bones

A structural classification of bones that are roughly cube-shaped; examples include wrist bones (carpals) and ankle bones (tarsals).

Flat Bones

A structural classification of thin, flattened bones; examples include the sternum and ribs.

Irregular Bones

A structural classification of bones with complex shapes that do not fit other categories; an example is the vertebrae.

Sesamoid Bones

Specialized short bones that form within a tendon; an example is the patellae.