1 Q101-150

101. Which of the following statements about the differences between fiber-optic Angled Physical Contact (APC) and Ultra-Physical Contact (UPC) connectors are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. APCs should only be joined to other APCs.

B. APCs generate more insertion loss that UPCs.

C. UPCS generate more return loss than APCs.

D. UPCs use a green connector boot or body.

101. A, B, C. Joining an APC to a UPC creates a mismatched connection that generates an extremely high rate of insertion loss (attenuation). APCs do generate more insertion loss than UPCs and less return loss (reflection). It is APCs, not UPCs, that use green boots or bodies on the connectors.

102. Which of the following is not a type of fiber-optic connector?

A. SC

B. MTRJ

C. ST

D. BNC

102. D. Bayonet-Neill-Concelman (BNC) is a type of connector used with coaxial cable. Subscriber Connector (SC), Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack (MT-RJ), and Straight Tip (ST) are all types of fiber-optic connectors.

103. Which of the following physical layer transceiver module standards is the oldest and therefore the most obsolete?

A. SFP

B. SFP+

C. GBIC

D. QSFP

E. QSFP+

103. C. The Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) transceiver standard was first published in 1995 and defines a maximum data transfer rate of 1.25 Gbps. It was rendered all but obsolete by the Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) standard, introduced in 2001, which ran at the same maximum speed but was smaller in size. Subsequent variations on the standard, such as SFP+,

Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable (QSFP), and QSFP+, defined devices with faster transfer rates.

104. Which of the following cable types is typically configured in a star topology, uses eight copper conductors arranged in four pairs, and uses RJ-45 connectors?

A. RG-8

B. Twisted pair

C. RG-58

D. Fiber optic

104. B. There are two main types of twisted pair wiring used for data communications: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP). Both types can be used in a star topology. UTP and STP cables contain eight copper conductors twisted in four pairs. UTP and STP cables use RJ-45 connectors to connect end systems to switches, patch panels, and wall plates. RG-8 and RG-58 coaxial cable can only be used in a bus topology. Fiber-optic cable can be used in a star topology, but it uses either glass or plastic conductors and does not use RJ-45 connectors.

105. Which of the following statements explains the purpose of the twists in twisted pair cabling?

A. The twists prevent collisions.

B. The twists completely eliminate crosstalk and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in adjacent wire pairs.

C. The twists prevent crosstalk in adjacent wire pairs and limit the effects of EMI on the signals carried over the cable.

D. The twists extend the bend radius allowance of the cable.

105. C. The twists in a twisted pair cable prevent the signals on the different wires from interfering with each other (which is called crosstalk) and also provide resistance to outside electromagnetic interference. The twists have no effect on collisions. The twists cannot completely eliminate the effects of EMI. Twists have nothing to do with the bend radius allowance for the cable.

106. Which of the following tools do cable installers use to add connectors such as RJ-45 and RJ-11 to twisted pair cabling?

A. A crimper

B. A splicer

C. A pigtail

D. A patch

106. A. A crimper or crimping tool is a jawed device that has a set of dies in it. Installers use a crimper to squeeze the two halves of an RJ-45 or RJ-11 connector together, with the wires inside securing the connector to the cable. Installers use a splicing tool to splice two cable segments together. There is no tool called a pigtail or a patch.

107. Which of the following combinations of attributes describes the cable used for a Thin Ethernet network?

A. RJ-45, 50-ohm, 0.270-inch, coaxial cable with BNC connectors

B. RG-59, 75-ohm, 0.242-inch, coaxial cable with F connectors

C. RG-58, 50-ohm, 0.195-inch, coaxial cable with BNC connectors

D. RG-8, 50-ohm, 0.405-inch, coaxial cable with N connectors

E. RJ-6, 75-ohm, 0.242-inch, coaxial cable with BNC connectors

107. C. Thin Ethernet networks use a type of 50-ohm coaxial cable called RG-58, which is 0.195 inches in diameter and uses BNC connectors. 75-ohm coaxial cable with F connectors is used for cable television networks, and RG-8 coaxial is the cable that Thick Ethernet networks use.

108. Which of the following connector types are typically associated with Ethernet networks? (Choose all that apply.)

A. F-type

B. BNC

C. RJ-45

D. DB-9

E. N-type

108. B, C, E. Thin Ethernet networks use BNC connectors. Thick Ethernet networks use N-type connectors. All Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet networks use RJ-45 connectors. F- type connectors are used with coaxial cable, typically for cable television installations. DB-9 connectors are commonly used for serial communications ports.

109. Which of the following connector types was typically associated with a T-connector attached to the computer?

A. RJ45

B. MT-RJ

C. 8P8C

D. BNC

E. F

109. D. Thin Ethernet networks use a type of coaxial cable that runs from each computer to the next one, forming a bus topology. To connect the cable to the network computers, each network interface adapter has a T-connector attached to it, with two additional male BNC connectors, to which you connect two lengths of network cabling.

110. Which of the following connector types are associated with fiber-optic cables? (Choose all that apply.)

A. RJ11

B. ST

C. F

D. LC

E. MT-RJ

110. B, D, E. Fiber-optic cable connectors all function on the same basic principles, but there are a variety of form factors from which to choose, including Straight Tip (ST), Local Connector (LC), and Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack (MT-RJ). RJ-11 is a twisted pair cable connector, and F connectors are for coaxial cable.

111. Which of the following types of cable, when installed, sometimes employed a device called a vampire tap?

A. Unshielded twisted pair

B. Shielded twisted pair

C. Multimode fiber optic

D. Single-mode fiber optic

E. Coaxial

111. E. Thick Ethernet installations used a type of coaxial cable called RG-8. To connect a node to the network, installers ran a separate cable called an Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) cable from the computer to the RG-8 and connected it using a device called a vampire tap that pierced the sheathing to make contact with the conductors within. All of the other cable types listed use different types of connectors.

112. In an internal UTP cable installation, each horizontal cable run connects a wall plate in the work area to a centralized cabling nexus in a telecommunications room. Which of the following is the correct term for this cabling nexus?

A. Telepole

B. Demarc

C. Backbone

D. Patch panel

E. Fiber distribution panel

112. D. The cabling nexus in a telecommunications room is called a patch panel. A telepole is a tool used for installing cables. A backbone is a network that connects other Local Area Networks (LANs) together. A demarcation point, or demarc, is the location at which a telecommunication provider's service meets the customer's private network. A fiber distribution panel is used for fiber optic cable, not Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), connections.

113. Which of the following statements about single-mode and multimode fiber-optic cables are true?

A. Single-mode cables can span longer distances than multimode cables.

B. Single-mode cables are more resistant to electromagnetic interference than multimode cables.

C. Single-mode cables are more difficult to install than multimode cables.

D. Single-mode cables have a much larger core diameter than multimode cables.

113. A, C. Single-mode cables are capable of spanning longer distances than multimode because they have a narrower core diameter, reducing signal dispersion rates. Because the core consists of fewer (typically one or two) strands, single-mode cables are less flexible than multimode and cannot bend around corners as easily, making them more difficult to install. Because they use light impulses rather than electricity, all fiber-optic cables are completely immune to electromagnetic interference.

114. Which of the following components are typically used only for telephone cable installations, and not for data networking? (Choose all that apply.)

A. 66 blocks

B. 110 blocks

C. 25 pair UTP cables

D. 100 pair UTP cables

114. A, C, D. Voice telephone networks do not have performance requirements as strict as those of data networks, so they are less liable to suffer from crosstalk and other types of interference. As a result, installers often use larger UTP cables for telephone connections. UTP cables are available in configurations containing 25 wire pairs and 100 wire pairs in a single sheath, which enables installers to service multiple users with a single cable. The punchdown blocks for UTP data networks with 8P8C connectors are called 110 blocks. The older standard for punchdown blocks is the 66 block. Rarely used for data networking, 66 blocks are still found in many telephone service installations.

115. Which of the following statements about single-mode fiber-optic cable are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Single-mode cables use an LED light source, whereas multimode cables use a laser.

B. Single-mode cables can span longer distances than multimode cables.

C. Single-mode cables have a smaller core filament than multimode cables.

D. Single-mode cables have a smaller bend radius than multimode, making them easier to install.

E. Single-mode fiber-optic cables require a ground, whereas multimode cables do not.

115. B, C. Single-mode cables have a smaller core filament and can span longer distances than multimode cables. Single-mode cables also use a laser light source, have a larger bend radius, and do not require a ground.

116. Which of the following tools do cable installers use to connect bulk cable runs to wall plates and patch panels?

A. A crimper

B. A splicer

C. A pigtail

D. A punchdown block tool

116. D. Installers use a punchdown block tool to connect the ends of bulk cable runs to jacks in wall plates and patch panels. A crimper or crimping tool is a jawed device that enables installers to squeeze the two halves of an RJ-45 or RJ-11 connector together, securing the connector to the cable. Installers use a splicing tool to splice two cable segments together. There is no tool called a pigtail.

117. Ralph has been hired by a client to install cabling to connect two existing networks. The two networks are in different buildings approximately 1000 feet apart. The cable type must support Gigabit Ethernet data rates of 1000 megabits per second (Mbps) and provide a high level of resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Your client wants the most economical cabling solution that meets their needs. Which of the following cable types best meets the needs of this client?

A. Multimode fiber-optic cable

B. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable

C. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable

D. Thin coaxial cable

E. Single-mode fiber-optic cable

117. A. Multimode fiber-optic cable best meets the client's needs. Fiber-optic cable supports the required 1000 Mbps data rate and can connect networks that are more than 1000 feet apart. Fiber-optic cable is immune to EMI. Although both multimode and single-mode fiber would meet the corporation's general needs, multimode is best in this scenario because it is less expensive than single-mode fiber. Twisted pair wiring (STP or UTP) meets the data rate and cost requirements but does not support connections longer than 100 meters. Thin coaxial cable does not support the data rate or distances longer than 185 meters.

118. Which of the following are connector types used with coaxial cables? (Choose all that apply.)

A. BNC

B. F-type

C. N-type

D. ST

E. RJ-11

118. A, B, C. BNC connectors are used for coaxial Thin Ethernet networks, and N-type connectors with Thick Ethernet. F-type connectors are used for coaxial cable television installations. Straight Tip (ST) connectors are used with fiber-optic cable, and RJ-11 connectors are used for telephone installations.

119. Alice has been hired by a corporation to design the cabling for their network. The corporation just moved into two different floors of an older building: a retail space on the ground floor and an office space on the 43rd floor. The building has existing Category 5 (CAT5) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable. Alice's client wants two separate Local Area Networks (LANs), one on each of the two floors, with a backbone network connecting them. They want a 1 gigabit- per-second (Gbps) data rate for each LAN but plan on migrating to 10 Gbps in the future. The two networks are approximately 200 meters apart. Which of the following solutions best meets the client's needs?

A. Install Category 6 (CAT6) or Category 6a (CAT6a) UTP cable for the LANs. These cables run at 1 Gbps and provide a migration path to 10 Gbps. Use twisted pair cable for the backbone network.

B. Use the existing CAT5 cabling for the LANS, since CAT5 runs at 1 Gbps. Use thick coaxial cable for the backbone network.

C. Install CAT6 or CAT6a UTP cable for the LANs. These cables run at 1 Gbps and provide a migration path to 10 Gbps. Use multimode fiber-optic cable for the backbone network.

D. Install CAT6 or CAT6a UTP cable for the LANs. These cables run at 1 Gbps and provide a migration path to 10 Gbps. Use the existing CAT5 cable for the backbone network.

119. C. Either CAT6 or CAT6a UTP cable will provide the currently required 1 Gbps data rate, with a migration path to 10 Gbps in the future. The backbone cabling connecting the two LANS

needs to be fiber optic, since it exceeds the distance limitations of twisted pair and coaxial cable. CAT5 cable conceivably runs at 1 Gbps; however, it does not run at 10 Gbps.

120. A maintenance worker, while replacing a light fixture in an office building, accidentally severs a network cable in the drop ceiling. The tenants use a variety of Local Area Network (LAN) technologies throughout the structure, but on that particular floor, there are three separate LANS: a 10-node Thin Ethernet LAN using coaxial cable in a bus topology, a 25-node Gigabit Ethernet LAN using twisted pair cable in a star topology, and a 5-node Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) LAN using multimode fiber-optic cable in a double ring topology. Without knowing which of the LANs the severed cable belongs to, what is the maximum number of computers that could be directly affected by the cable break?

A. 0

B. 1

C. 5

D. 10

E. 25

F. 40

120. D. The Thin Ethernet LAN is the network most endangered by the cable break. If a bus network is severed, all of the workstations on it are affected because the cable segments are no longer terminated at one end. The Gigabit Ethernet network uses a star topology, which means that only the one computer using the severed cable could be disconnected from the network. A FDDI double ring network can survive a single cable break without any workstations being affected.

121. In the punchdown process for Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable, which of the following is the last step that you perform when connecting bulk cables to jacks in wall plates and patch panels?

A. Cut off the excess wire that protrudes past the contacts.

B. Press the bare wire down between the two metal contacts that hold it in place.

C. Strip some of the insulating sheath off the cable end to expose the wires.

D. Insert the wires into the appropriate contacts in the jack.

E. Strip a small amount of insulation off each wire.

F. Separate the twisted wire pairs at the ends.

121. A. You use a punchdown block tool to connect the ends of bulk cable runs to jacks in wall plates and patch panels. The steps of the process are as follows:

1. Strip some of the sheath off the cable end to expose the wires.

2. Separate the twisted wire pairs at the ends.

3. Strip a small amount of insulation off each wire.

4. Insert the wires into the appropriate contacts in the jack.

5. Press the bare wire down between the two metal contacts that hold it in place.

6. Cut off the excess wire that protrudes past the contacts.

You must repeat the process of punching down for both ends of your internal cable runs.

122. Which of the following cable connector types is not used with fiber-optic cable?

A. Straight Tip (ST)

B. Subscriber Connector (SC)

C. Mechanical Transfer-Registered Jack (MT-RJ)

D. F-type

E. Fiber Local Connector (LC)

122. D. ST, SC, fiber LC, and MT-RJ are all connectors used with fiber-optic cables. F-type connectors are used with coaxial cables.

123. Which of the following twisted pair cable types can you use to construct a 10GBase-T network with 100-meter segments? (Choose all that apply.)

A. CAT5

B. CAT5e

C. CAT6

D. CAT6a

E. CAT7

F. CAT8

123. D, E, F. Category 6a (CAT6a) twisted pair cable is a variant on CAT6 that enables you to create 10GBase-T networks with segments up to 100 meters long. Category 7 (CAT7) cable adds shielding both to the individual wire pairs and to the entire cable, for even greater resistance to crosstalk and noise. CAT7 supports 100-meter 10GBase-T segments as well. CAT8 cable supports bandwidth up to 2 GHz, making it even more suitable for 10GBase-T networks than CAT6a (500 MHz) or CAT7 (600 MHz). CAT5 and CAT5e are not suitable for use with 10GBase- T. You can use CAT6 for 10GBase-T, but it is limited to 55-meter segments.

124. Which of the following cable connector types have been rendered nearly obsolete by Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections? (Choose all that apply.)

A. BNC

B. RJ-11

C. DB-9

D. DB-25

124. C, D. The DB-9 and DB-25 connectors were at one time ubiquitous on personal computers, providing peripheral connections to modems, printers, and other devices. They have since been largely eliminated in favor of USB. BNC connectors were used for Thin Ethernet networking, but they have been replaced by Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable with RJ-45 connectors. RJ-11 connectors are used for telephone connections.

125. Which of the following twisted pair cable types is rated for both a 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) data rate (using two pairs) and a 100 Mbps data rate (using four pairs)?

A. Category 3 (CAT3)

B. Category 5 (CAT5)

C. Category 5e (CAT5e)

D. Category 6 (CAT6)

125. A. CAT3 cable was originally intended for use in voice-grade telephone networks but was later certified for use in data networks. CAT3 cable can support data transfer rates from 4 Mbps up to 100 Mbps (using the now-deprecated 100Base-T4 and 100VG-AnyLAN standards). Although this type of cable could run at 100 Mbps, it was seldom used at speeds greater than 10 Mbps. CAT5 cable was the primary replacement for CAT3, supporting data rates up to 100 Mbps. CAT5e and CAT6 are rated for data rates up to 1 Gbps, as on Gigabit Ethernet networks. CAT6 can even support 10 Gbps transfer rates over shorter distances.

126. Ed has been hired to install network cabling for a small private company with 15 employees who need to share files and printers. All of the employees are physically located within the same building in two separate office spaces directly adjacent to each other, sharing a common wall and door for access. Both offices have drop ceilings. The client wants a simple Gigabit Ethernet installation that is easy to troubleshoot. In addition, Ed's client wants to keep installation costs to a minimum. Which of the following combinations of topology, cable type, and installation method would best meet the needs of Ed's client?

A. Star topology, fiber-optic cabling, and internal installation

B. Bus topology, coaxial cabling, and external installation

C. Bus topology, twisted pair cabling, and internal installation

D. Star topology, coaxial cabling, and external installation

E. Star topology, twisted pair cabling, and external installation

126. E. Because the company has few employees, a single location, and cost restrictions, the best solution is a star topology with prefabricated twisted pair cabling and an external installation method. The star topology uses a central switch. Prefabricated twisted pair cabling, with the connectors already attached, will keep the cost to a minimum. Since the employees are all located in the same building, with a common wall and a drop ceiling, the external installation method is the best choice. It is not possible to use a bus topology or coaxial cable for Gigabit Ethernet. Ed could use fiber-optic cable in a star topology for Gigabit Ethernet, but it is more difficult and expensive to install. An internal installation, which uses a combination of bulk cable and prefabricated cables, is more expensive than an external installation and is typically used for larger networks.

127. Which of the following cable types are typically used in newly constructed Local Area Network (LAN) installations? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Single-mode fiber optic

B. Multimode fiber optic

C. Coaxial

D. Unshielded twisted pair

127. B, D. The main cable types used in LANS today are multimode fiber optic and unshielded twisted pair. Single-mode fiber optic is used primarily for long-distance Wide Area Network (WAN) connections, and coaxial cable is no longer used for LANs.

128. Which of the following statements are true about coaxial cable? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Coaxial cable has three conductors within the same sheath.

B. Coaxial cable has two conductors within the same sheath.

C. Coaxial cable has a copper core that carries light pulse signals.

D. Coaxial cable has a copper core that carries electrical signals.

E. Coaxial cable has an insulating outer sheath made of braided strands.

F. Coaxial cable has an insulating sheath made of either PVC or Teflon.

128. B, D, F. Coaxial cable has two conductors within the same sheath that share a common axis. These conductors are surrounded by an outer insulating sheath of either PVC or Teflon. Copper cables carry electrical signals. Only fiber-optic cables carry light pulse signals.

129. Which of the following twisted pair cable types are rated for 1000 megabit-per-second (Mbps) Gigabit Ethernet using two wire pairs? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Category 3 (CAT3)

B. Category 5 (CAT5)

C. Category 5e (CAT5e)

D. Category 6 (CAT6)

E. Category 6a (CAT6a)

F. None of the above

129. F. All twisted pair Gigabit Ethernet implementations require all four wire pairs to achieve 1000 Mbps transfer rates.

130. Which of the following twisted pair cable types support both 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) and 100 Mbps data rates, using only two pairs? (Choose all that apply.)

A. Category 3 (CAT3)

B. Category 5 (CAT5)

C. Category 5e (CAT5e)

D. Category 6 (CAT6)

130. B, C, D. CAT5 cable was the original cable standard intended for transfer rates up to 100 Mbps. CAT5e and CAT6 support 100 Mbps and are also rated for data rates up to 1000 Mbps. All three of these standards also support the 10 Mbps transfer rate. CAT3 can support both 10 and 100 Mbps, but it requires four pairs for 100 Mbps.

131. Which of the following statements about fiber-optic cabling are true? (Choose all that apply.)

A. There are two main fiber-optic cable types: single-mode and multimode.

B. Fiber-optic cable is typically used to span long distances.

C. Fiber-optic cables use IBM Data Connector (IDC) connectors.

D. Fiber-optic cables often use Straight Tip (ST) and Subscriber Connector (SC) connectors.

E. Single-mode fiber-optic cable uses a laser light source and a glass core.

F. Multimode fiber-optic cable uses a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) light source.

131. A, B, D, E, F. Fiber-optic cable comes in two types: multimode and single-mode. Fiber-optic cables vary in light source (LED or laser), cable grade (glass or plastic), and size of the core conductor. Single-mode uses a higher-grade glass conductor with a laser light source. Multimode fiber uses an LED light source. Both types can use either ST or SC connectors to physically connect end devices to a fiber-optic network. Fiber-optic cable is used to extend networks over long distances. Fiber-optic cables do not use IDC connectors, which are intended for use with Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable.

132. Which of the following are characteristics of an internal cable installation? (Choose all that apply.)

A. An internal cable installation uses bulk spools of cabling with no connectors attached for most cable runs.

B. An internal cable installation uses only prefabricated cables with connectors attached for all cable runs.

C. An internal cable installation uses solid wire conductors for all cable runs, regardless of distance.

D. An internal cable installation uses stranded wire conductors for short cable runs and solid core for longer cable runs.

E. In an internal cable installation, cables are typically not run through walls or ceilings.

F. In an internal cable installation, cables are typically run through walls or ceilings.

132. A, D, F. The use of bulk cable with no connectors, wall plates, and rack-mounted patch panels are all characteristics of an internal wiring installation. Internal installations typically cover large geographic areas that require cabling through walls, ceilings, and around other obstacles, making the cabling difficult to move. Solid core wiring is used for longer cable runs, whereas shorter cable runs such as connections from node to wall plate use prefabricated stranded core cables with connectors attached.

133. Which of the following Ethernet specifications calls for CAT8 UTP cable exclusively?

A. 10GBase-T

B. 40GBase-T

C. 100Base-TX

D. 1000Base-SX

133. B. 40GBase-T is a 40-gigabits-per-second (Gbps) Ethernet specification that calls for 4-pair CAT8 twisted pair cabling for lengths up to 30 meters. 10GBase-T and 100Base-TX do not require CAT8 cable, and 1000Base-SX is a fiber optic standard.

134. Ralph has been hired to connect three Local Area Networks (LANS) together with redundant paths that form a fault-tolerant backbone. The LANS reside on different floors in the same building and are approximately 600 meters apart. Each LAN is currently configured in a star topology using twisted pair cabling. Each LAN includes wall plates and rack-mounted patch panels and switches. Building and fire codes allow cables to run through existing risers, ceilings, and walls, but a 50,000-watt radio station occupies one of the floors between the LANS. Which topology, cable type, and installation method are best suited for this network?

A. Star topology, fiber-optic cabling, and internal installation

B. Star topology, coaxial cabling, and external installation

C. Mesh topology, fiber-optic cabling, and external installation

D. Bus topology, twisted pair cabling, and internal installation

E. Mesh topology, fiber-optic cabling, and internal installation

F. Star topology, twisted pair cabling, and external installation

134. E. Ralph should use a mesh topology with redundant fiber-optic cable runs and an internal installation method. This will meet the requirements for connecting the LANs and providing redundancy and fault tolerance. Fiber-optic cable is immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and can span long distances. The internal installation method is most often used in larger networks, where end systems are geographically distant. The star topology will not fulfill the requirements since it provides no redundancy. Twisted pair cable cannot span distances more than 100 meters, and it is highly susceptible to EMI. Coaxial cable cannot span distances more than 500 meters, and it is also susceptible to EMI. The bus topology cannot use twisted pair cabling and does not support cable runs longer than 500 meters.

135. Alice is a network consultant who has been contracted to evaluate a network design created many years ago, to determine if the design is still viable. The network will support 20 workstations, scattered throughout the building, to run an inventory database application. The two most distant computers are 150 meters apart. The primary goal for the network design is to connect all 20 workstations to a single LAN running at 10 megabits per second (Mbps). The two secondary goals are to provide sufficient fault tolerance for a single cable break to occur without affecting the entire network and to provide resistance to the electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by machinery in the building. The earlier design calls for a Thin Ethernet LAN with all of the computers connected to a single coaxial cable segment. Which of the following statements about the proposal is true?

A. The solution achieves neither the primary goal nor either of the secondary goals.

B. The solution achieves the primary goal but neither of the secondary goals.

C. The solution achieves the primary goal and one of the secondary goals.

D. The solution achieves the primary goal and both of the secondary goals.

135. B. Although the design calls for an archaic technology, a Thin Ethernet network runs at 10 Mbps and can support 20 workstations over a maximum distance of 185 meters, thus achieving the primary goal. However, Thin Ethernet uses copper-based coaxial cable, which is susceptible to EMI, and it uses a bus topology, which is not tolerant of a cable break. Therefore, the solution does not achieve either of the secondary goals.

136. Ed is a network consultant who has been contracted to design the network for a new manufacturing plant. The plant consists of two buildings 150 meters apart: an office with 20 computers and a manufacturing facility that has 30 computers. The two most distant computers at the site are 225 meters apart. Ed's design calls for a Gigabit Ethernet network using fiber-optic cable. On receiving the proposal, the client asks Ed to justify the additional labor and expense of installing fiber-optic cable instead of Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP). Which of the following is not a valid reason for choosing fiber optic over UTP for this project?

A. The 225-meter distance between the two most distant computers exceeds Ethernet's maximum cable segment length for UTP.

B. Only fiber-optic cable can keep the two buildings electrically isolated.

C. Fiber-optic cable is completely resistant to any electromagnetic interference generated by the equipment in the manufacturing plant.

D. Fiber-optic cable provides a greater degree of tolerance to cable breaks than UTP.

136. D. Fiber-optic cable is not more tolerant of cable breaks than UTP. Some fiber-optic networks are fault tolerant, but the Ethernet fiber-optic specifications are not. UTP cables connecting a computer to a switch can be no longer than 100 meters, making 200 meters the maximum distance between two computers. Connecting two buildings with a copper-based cable creates an electrical connection between them, which can be hazardous. Fiber-optic cable does not create an electrical connection. Fiber-optic cable is also unaffected by the EMI generated by manufacturing equipment.

137. In the 100Base-TX specification, which of the following are the functions of the Fast Link Pulse (FLP) signals exchanged by switches and network interface adapters? (Choose all that apply.)

A. The FLP signals verify the integrity of the connection (or link) between the devices.

B. The FLP signals enable the devices to negotiate the speed of the link between them.

C. The FLP signals indicate when a collision has occurred.

D. The devices use FLP signals to detect bad frames.

137. A, B. FLP signals are an enhancement of the Normal Link Pulse (NLP) signals defined in the 10Base-T standard, which verify the integrity of the link. In 100Base-TX, the FLP signals retain that function, but they also enable multispeed devices to negotiate the speed at which they will operate. FLP signals do not indicate collisions or bad frames.

138. Which of the following 10 Gigabit Ethernet specifications calls for the use of copper cable?

A. 10GBase-LR

B. 10GBase-CX4

C. 10GBase-ER

D. 10GBase-LX4

E. 10GBase-SR

138. B. The 10GBase-CX4 specification calls for the use of a twinaxial copper cable with segments no longer than 15 meters. The 10GBase-LR, 10GBase-ER, 10GBase-LX4, and 10GBase-SR specifications all call for fiber-optic cable.

139. Alice is a network consultant who has been contracted to upgrade an existing Ethernet network to Gigabit Ethernet. The network consists of 20 workstations with integrated 10Base-T/100Base-TX/1000Base-T network interface adapters. The network cabling is Category 5 (CAT5) Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), installed when the building was constructed. All of the workstations are connected to a single 100Base-TX switch. Which of the following options would Alice find to be a valid upgrade path to Gigabit Ethernet?

A. Replace the CAT5 cable with at least Category 5e (CAT5e) or Category 6 (CAT6), and leave the existing network interface adapters and switch in place.

B. Install a 1000Base-T network interface card in each computer, and leave the existing cables and switch in place.

C. Replace the CAT5 cable with at least CAT5e or CAT6, and replace the 100Base-T switch with a 1000Base-T switch.

D. Replace the 100Base-TX switch with a 1000Base-T switch, and leave the existing cables and network interface adapters in place.

139. D. The multispeed network interface adapters in the computers can run at 1 Gbps speed using the existing CAT5 cable, but the 100Base-T switch must be replaced with a 1000Base- T switch. While the network might run better with a cable upgrade, it is not immediately necessary. Replacing the network interface adapters is not necessary because the existing multispeed adapters can run at 1 Gbps if they are connected to a 1000Base-T switch.

140. Ralph is a network consultant with a client who wants him to design the Local Area Network (LAN) for his company's new branch office. The site consists of a building with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable already installed, which the client considered a major selling point when selecting the property. He wants Ralph to install the fastest possible LAN using the existing cable. After examining the site, Ralph notes that the cable is Category 5 (CAT5), installed using a star topology, and that the individual cable runs are all less than 100 meters long. Which of the following Ethernet physical layer specifications can Ralph use for the new network to provide the fastest transmission speeds without replacing the cable?

A. 10GBase-T

B. 100Base-TX

C. 1000Base-T

D. 1000Base-LX

E. 1000Base-SX

140. C. 1000Base-T is the fastest Ethernet specification that can run on CAT5 UTP cable. 10GBase- T requires at least Category 5e (CAT5e) or Category 6 (CAT6) UTP cable. 100Base-TX can use CAT5 cable, but it runs at one-tenth the speed of 1000Base-T. 1000Base-LX and 1000Base-SX are fiber-optic specifications that cannot run on CAT5 UTP or any copper cable.

141. Which Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards for Ethernet support 10-megabit-per-second (Mbps) communications, and what are the correct segment limitations for each standard? (Choose all that apply.)

A. 10Base2; segment maximum is 100 meters

B. 10Base2; segment maximum is 185 meters

C. 10Base5; segment maximum is 500 meters

D. 100Base5; segment maximum is 500 meters

E. 10Base-T; segment maximum is 100 meters

F. 10Base-T segment maximum is 328 meters

141. B, C, E. The three IEEE 10 Mbps standards for Ethernet are 10Base2, 10Base5, and 10Base-T. 10Base2 is limited to 185-meter segments; 10Base5 is limited to 500-meter segments; and 10Base-T is limited to 100-meter segments. The other options are not valid.

142. Which of the following are Ethernet cable types that must be configured in a bus topology? (Choose all that apply.)

A. RG-8

B. RG-10

C. RG-14

D. RG-58

142. A, D. The first version of DIX Ethernet (Version 1) supported RG-8 thick coaxial cable in a bus topology. Version 2 added support for thin coaxial cable (RG-58) but was still limited to a bus topology. RG-10 and RG-14 are not Ethernet cable types.

143. Ed has been hired by a company to upgrade its network infrastructure. The current network is 10 Mbps Ethernet running on Category 5 (CAT5) twisted pair cable. There are 100 computers on the network, all of which have 10/100/1000 multispeed network interface adapters. The computers are all connected to hubs. Users are complaining that the network is too slow, and connections are sometimes dropped. Management wants to upgrade to the fastest Ethernet standard possible, using the existing cabling, and still keep costs to a minimum. Which of the following implementations should Ed recommend to the client?

A. Upgrade to 100Base-TX and keep the existing hubs.

B. Upgrade to 1000Base-T and keep the existing hubs.

C. Upgrade to 100Base-FX and replace all of the hubs with switches.

D. Upgrade to 1000Base-T and replace all of the hubs with switches.

E. Upgrade to 100Base-SX and replace all of the hubs with switches.

143. D. The best solution in this scenario is to upgrade to 1000Base-T and replace the existing hubs with switches. 1000Base-T provides the fastest transfer speeds supported by the existing cable. Since users are complaining that the network is slow with the existing hubs, it makes sense to replace the shared hub environment with switches that offer dedicated bandwidth on each port. Any solution that does not replace the hubs would not address the users' complaints. 100Base-TX would provide a speed increase, but it runs at ~1/10 the speed of 1000Base-TX. Upgrading to 100Base-FX or 100Base-SX would require the cabling to be replaced with fiber optic, which would be very expensive.

144. Ralph has been asked to create some new patch cables that will be used to connect patch panel ports to the network switches. He has been told to use the T568B pinout standard for all of the cable connectors. Ralph gathers the materials and the tools needed to complete the task, but he is not sure about the T568B pinout. Which of the following pinouts must Ralph use when creating the patch cables?

A. White/orange, orange, white/green, blue, white/blue, green, white/brown, brown

B. White/green, green, white/orange, blue, white/blue, orange, white/brown, brown

C. White/orange, orange, white/green, green, white/blue, blue, white/brown, brown

D. White/brown, white/green, white/orange, blue, white/blue, orange, green, brown

144. A. Option A is the T568B pinout that Ralph should use when attaching connectors to the cables. Option B is the T568A pinout, which would also work but that Ralph has been instructed not to use. Options C and D are both incorrect and can result in excessive amounts of crosstalk.

145. It is Ralph's first day working for a consultancy that does network cable installations. His new boss hands him a spool of Category 6 cable, a large plier-like device, and a bag of little clear plastic components and tells him to "get started on fives and tens." What is Ralph expected to do?

A. Pull cable runs

B. Create patch cables

C. Attach keystone connectors

D. Install a patch panel

145. B. The plier-like device is a crimper, which cable installers use to attach RJ45 connectors, like those in the bag, to lengths of bulk cable. This is the process of creating patch cables, which are used to connect computers to wall plates and patch panels to switches. The boss is telling Ralph to start making patch cables in 5-foot and 10-foot lengths. You do not use a crimper to attach keystone connectors, and the boss has not given Ralph the tools and components needed to pull cable runs or install a patch panel.

146. Wavelength division multiplexing is a fiber-optic technique for carrying multiple signals on a single network medium. There are several types of this technique, including Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM), Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM), and Bidirectional Wavelength Division Multiplexing (BWDM, or just WDM). Which of the following is not one of the ways in which these types of multiplexing differ?

A. They use different wavelength spacings.

B. They carry different numbers of channels on a single medium.

C. They provide different amounts of signal amplification.

D. None of the above.

146. D. The types of wavelength division multiplexing use different spacing of the wavelengths they carry, which enables them to fit different numbers of channels on a single medium. WDM (or BWDM) carries two wavelengths for bidirectional communication. CWDM can carry up to 16 channels and DWDM 40 or 80 (depending on the spacing used). Various amplification technologies (including EFDA and Raman) can expand the amounts of usable wavelength in each type.

147. Which of the following services enables computers on a private IPv4 network to access the Internet using a registered IP address?

A. DHCP

B. NAT

C. DNS

D. NTP

147. B. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a service that enables computers with unregistered IP addresses to access the Internet by substituting a registered address in packets as they pass through a router. The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is an IP address allocation service. Domain Name System (DNS) resolves domain and hostnames into IP addresses, and Network Time Protocol (NTP) enables network devices to synchronize their time settings.

148. Which of the following best defines the concept of the dual stack?

A. A computer with two network interface adapters

B. A computer with two installed operating systems

C. A computer with two sets of networking protocols

D. A computer with connections to two different network segments

148. C. A dual stack is an IP implementation that includes both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks, operating simultaneously. A computer with two network adapters or connections to two network segments is often called multihomed. A computer with two installed operating systems is called a dual-boot system.

149. Network Address Translation (NAT) operates at which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

A. Data link

B. Network

C. Transport

D. Application

149. B. NAT works by modifying IP addresses, which are a network layer element. The data link layer is concerned only with communications on the local subnet and is not involved with NAT processing. Because NAT modifies only the IP packet headers, it works with any transport layer protocol. NAT also works with most TCP/IP applications because it operates below the application layer of the OSI model.

150. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the subnetting process on an IPv4 network?

A. You extend the IP address by adding bits for a subnet identifier.

B. You borrow bits from the network identifier to create a subnet identifier.

C. You borrow bits from the host identifier to create a subnet identifier.

D. You create a subnet identifier by borrowing half of the bits from the network identifier and half from the host identifier.

150. C. You cannot extend the IPv4 address beyond its 32-bit size, and you cannot remove bits from the network identifier, or the packets will not be routed properly. You must therefore create a subnet by borrowing bits from the host identifier.