COA exam 2 Endocrine

gigantism

increased growth hormone in kids

acromegaly

increased growth hormone in adults

pituitary dwarfism

what is decreased growth hormone called

pituitary

what type of issue is DI

nephrogenic DI

stems from a medication or condition that interferes with response to ADH

desmopressin

what is the typical treatment for DI

increased urination

what is the main symptom of DI

posterior pituitary gland ADH overproduction

what is SIADH a dysfunction of

excess water retention low sodium

what is the main symptom of SIADH

urinalysis

how is SIADH diagnosed

restricted water intake and monitor sodium

how is SIADH treated

hypothyroidism

gland loses its ability to secrete T3 and T4

hypothyroidism

what is this signs of: edema around the eyes, goiter, hypothermia, enlarged tongue

increase TSH, decreased T4

what labs show hypothyroidism

levothyroxine

what is used to treat hypothyroidism

hyperthyroidism

what are these symptoms frequently seen in: tremor, palpitations, insomnia, weight loss, fatigue

increase T4, decreased TSH

what lab values are seen in hyperthyroidism

PTU or tapazole

what two medications are used to treat hyperthyroidism

hyperparathyroidism

high calcium elevated PTH

phosphate binders, biophosphanates

how is hyperparathyroidism treated

mood disorder, bone decrease

how does hyperparathyroidism typically present

hypoparathyroidism

decreased level of PTH, low calcium, increased phosphate

hypoparathyroidism

pt will have positive chvosteks and trousseaus sign

Addisons disease

adrenal insufficiency

addisons disease

decrease in cortisol, and mineral corticoids

addisons disease

patient craves salt, weakness, fatigue, anorexia, cold intolerance, vomiting

addisons disease

Pt has weight loss, dehydration, weak pulses, postural hypotension, hyperpigmentation of skin, loss of hair

oral cortisol

how is a patient with addisons disease treated

Cushings disease

hypercortisolism

Cushings syndrome

overproduction of ACTH at the pituitary gland

primary cushings disease

tumor or adenoma on the adrenal galnd

Cushings disease

truncal obesity, thin extremities, moon face, acne, red striae on abdomen , elevated BP

Cushings syndrome

tumor is removed and then they are given the hormones they no longer produced

adrenal crisis

rapid withdrawal of steroid hormones lowers pt BP, tachycardia, decrease LOC

diabetes

leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, non traumatic amputations

Type 1 diabetes

primary beta cell destruction leads to absolute insulin deficiency, autoimmune

type 2 diabetes

insulin resistance with excess insulin

70-100

normal blood glucose

less than 5.7

what is normal A1C

5.7-6.4

prediabetic A1C

6.5 or greater

diabetic A1C

type 1 diabetes

polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, confusion, fatigue

brittle diabetic

poorly controlled diabetes

hyperglycemia

polydipsia, fatigue, headache, polyuria, blurred vision

hyoglycemia

mood swings, shaky, sweaty, confusion, dizzy, light headed, tachycardia

less than 7

goal A1C for diabetic patients

8

some doctors preparing a patient for surgery require A1C to be less than

food ready to eat

before giving rapid insulin what must be ready

humalog, novolog, apidra

what are the 3 rapid acting insulins

regular

short acting insulin

lantus, levemir

brands of long acting insulin

NPH

insulin mixes are always what type of insulin with another type

sulfonylureas

stimulates b cells to secrete more insulin and increase peripheral tissues sensitivity to insulin

bigunaides

decrease glucose production in the liver and increase insulin glucose binding

secretagogues

stimulates B cell to release insulin

thiazolidindiones

reduce insulin resistance and increase insulin receptors on cell membranes

BG greater than 250, ketonuria, metabolic acidosis

what lab values are indicative of DKA