BIOL 1322 Nutrition & Diet Therapy Chapter 9 Smart Book

Iron, zinc, chromium, and copper are all _____ minerals.

trace

Lean muscle tissue contains ____ water than fat tissue.

more

What is the term used to describe the movement of substances from where they are highly concentrated to where they are less concentrated?

simple diffusion

Where does water move if a cell has fewer sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?

The water moves into the surrounding solution.

The Adequate Intake (AI) for total water intake is approximately __________ cups for young women and approximately _____________cups for young men.

11; 15.5

Which of the following is considered a major mineral (needed in quantities of greater than 100mg)?

Magnesium

Examples of diuretics include______.

- caffeine

- coffee

- tea

A male has more muscle tissue than a female, therefore he will have _____ fluid in his body.

more

A substance, such as caffeine, that increases urine production is called_____.

a diuretic

Which of the following are possible outcomes associated with dehydration?

- increased thirst

- rapid weight loss

- increased fatigue

Where does water move, if a cell has more sodium ions in the cell than there are in the solution surrounding the cell?

into the cell

The group of elements that exist in the Earth's rocks, soil and water is called __________.

minerals

A substance that increases urine output is called a

diuretic

Which of the following minerals participate in nerve transmission?

- potassium

-sodium

- calcium

- chloride

The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its______.

bioavailability

True or false: If a person is severely dehydrated, a coma may result.

True

-Reason:

When fluid losses reach 20% of body weight, coma and death may soon follow.

Foods that contain milk but are not good sources of calcium include _____.

- butter

- sour cream and cream cheese

- cottage cheese

Plants obtain the minerals they need from______.

- fertilizers

- soil

People with osteoporosis______.

- suffer more fractures

- have weak bones

Iron is an important component of______.

red blood cells

True or false: Sodium ions are necessary for maintaining fluid balance in the body.

True

Since there is no Upper Level set for potassium, is it advisable for individuals to take potassium supplements?

No

Which of the following is the best food source of magnesium?

Beans

Which of the following are good food sources of calcium?

- sardines canned in oil with bones

- cheese

- bok choy

The chronic disease characterized by loss of bone mass and reduced bone structure is called _________.

osteoporosis

Roles for chloride in the body include _____.

- nerve transmission

- maintaining fluid balance

- maintaining acid base balance

Which of the following is a role of sodium in the human body?

fluid balance

Roles for sulfur in the body include being______.

- incorporated into antioxidant molecules

- required for enzyme activity

True or false: There is no Upper Level for potassium.

True

Which of the following is not a good source of magnesium?

refined grains

The mineral that is a component of the oxygen transporting proteins hemoglobin and myoglobin is _________.

iron

Most of the calcium in American diets come from _____.

- fluid milk

- cheese

- yogurt

Hemoglobin is the _____ protein in red blood cells.

iron-containing

The production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach requires the mineral ____________.

chloride

The mineral that is a component of the amino acids, cysteine and methionine is _____________.

sulfur

Myoglobin is the ____ protein that binds oxygen in muscle tissue.

iron-containing

Which of the following are good sources of iron?

- pumpkin seeds

- beef liver

Choose the functions of iron.

- needed for immune system function

- important in brain development

- necessary for oxygen transport

Which of the following are good plant sources of iron?

- pumpkin seeds

- whole-grain total cereal

- baked beans

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to tissues and some carbon dioxide away from tissues is called _____.

hemoglobin

Much of the zinc in our diet is supplied by the consumption of______.

- poultry

- red meat

One role of which mineral is to associate with several enzymes that act as antioxidants?

Copper

The protein in muscle cells that controls oxygen uptake from red blood cells and contains iron is _____________.

Myoglobin

What gland uses iodine?

thyroid gland

Which of the following is a poor source of iron?

Milk

Choose the plant sources that are good sources of iron.

- pumpkin seeds

- white enriched rice

- seedless raisins

Zinc ( is/is not ) widespread in the food chain.

is

Fluoride (is/is not) an essential nutrient

is not

In the body, copper is involved in______.

- collagen production

- iron metabolism

- immune function

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.

tuna, 3 oz

Select the primary function of iodine.

thyroid hormone synthesis

True or false: Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in large amounts.

False

-Reason:

Chromium is a trace mineral because it is needed in very small amounts.

Enzymes that require manganese function in which of the following processes?

- bone formation

- antioxidant activities

- wound healing

Which of the following are vegetarian sources of iron?

- mushrooms

- kidney beans

- whole-grain total cereal

The roles for fluoride in the body involve the______.

- strengthening of teeth

- strengthening of bones

Because molybdenum is needed for the function of several enzymes, molybdenum is considered to be a ________.

cofactor

Select the food source that has the least amount of selenium per serving.

mushrooms, 1/2 cup

True or false: Trace minerals that have yet to have a clearly identified function in humans include boron, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, lithium, and silicon.

True

Is chromium known as an essential trace mineral for humans?

Yes

The safety standards for bottled water are ____ to those for tap water.

similar

Manganese is a component and activator of many ______.

enzymes

Molybdenum is required for the normal function of which enzymes?

- aldehyde oxidase

- sulfite oxidase

Which of the following minerals may have physiological roles in the body, but since their roles are not clear they have not been classified as essential nutrients?

- nickel

- arsenic

True or false: Bottled water is safer than tap water.

False