HISTORY 5 • MIDTERM 2 QUICK REVIEW

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the authors, texts, summaries, and recognition quote clues for History 5 Midterm 2.

Niccolò Machiavelli — The Prince

Explains how rulers gain and keep power. Quote clue: Power, rulers

Martin Luther — On the Freedom of the Christian

Asserts that faith brings spiritual freedom and responsibility to serve others. Quote clue: Faith, freedom

Martin Luther — To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

Urges German leaders to reform church abuses. Quote clue: Church reform

Martin Luther — A Sincere Admonition to Guard against Rebellion

Warns against violent rebellion. Quote clue: Peace, rebellion

Thomas Müntzer — Sermon to the Princes

Calls for radical religious reform. Quote clue: Radical reform

Sebastian Lotzer and Christoph Schappeler — The Twelve Articles

Document wherein German peasants demand fair treatment and freedoms. Quote clue: Peasant rights

Thomas Müntzer and Balthasar Hubmaier — The Constitutional Draft

Proposes radical religious and political changes. Quote clue: New political order

Thomas Müntzer — Letter to the League at Allstedt

Rallies supporters for religious and social change. Quote clue: Revolution

Michael Gaismair — Territorial Constitution for the Tirol

Proposes sweeping political and economic reforms. Quote clue: Equality, reform

Martin Luther — Admonition to Peace

Responds to peasants and calls for peace. Quote clue: Peasants, peace

Christoph Schappeler — To the Assembly of the Common Peasantry

Addresses peasants' shared cause and demands. Quote clue: Peasant unity

Martin Luther — Against the Murdering and Robbing Hordes of Peasants

Condemns violent peasant rebellion. Quote clue: Against rebellion

Hernán Cortés — Letters to Charles V

Reports the conquest of Mexico to Spain's king. Quote clue: King, conquest

Bernal Díaz — The True History of the Conquest of New Spain

Account in which a Spanish soldier recounts the conquest. Quote clue: Soldier, battles

Bernardino de Sahagún — Florentine Codex

Records Indigenous accounts of Aztec life and conquest. Quote clue: Indigenous voices

Andrés de Tapia — A Spanish View of the Cholula Massacre

Describes Spanish actions at Cholula. Quote clue: Cholula

Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl — Account of the Conquest of New Spain

Presents Indigenous history and alliances in the conquest. Quote clue: Indigenous alliances

René Descartes — Discourse on Method

Advises to question assumptions and use reason to find truth. Quote clue: Doubt, reason

Isaac Newton — Letter to Philosophical Transactions (1672)

Explains experiments on white light and colors. Quote clue: Light, colors

Isaac Newton — Principia Mathematica (1687)

Explains motion and universal gravitation. Quote clue: Gravity, motion

James C. Scott — Seeing Like a State: Nature and Space

Argues that governments simplify nature and society to manage them. Quote clue: State planning

Immanuel Kant — What Is Enlightenment?

Urges people to think for themselves instead of blindly following authority. Quote clue: Independent reason

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing — Nathan the Wise

A play promoting tolerance among religions. Quote clue: Three rings, tolerance

Abbé Sieyès — What Is the Third Estate?

Argues that ordinary people make up the nation and deserve power. Quote clue: Third Estate

Marquis de Lafayette — Draft Declaration of Rights (1789)

Proposes basic rights and liberties. Quote clue: Rights, liberty

Pierre Victor Malouet — Speech (1789)

Advocates caution about radical political change. Quote clue: Cautious reform

National Constituent Assembly — Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Proclaims liberty, legal equality and citizen rights. Quote clue: Rights, equality

Abbé Sieyès — Preliminary to the French Constitution

Discusses political representation and government. Quote clue: Constitution

Jacques-Guillaume Thouret — Report on the Basis of Political Eligibility

Discusses who qualifies for political participation. Quote clue: Voting qualifications

Maximilien Robespierre — Speech on Political Eligibility (1789)

Opposes excluding poorer citizens from political rights. Quote clue: Political equality

Jews of Paris, Alsace and Lorraine — Petition to the National Assembly

Requests equal rights for Jewish people. Quote clue: Jewish emancipation

Bishop La Fare — Opinion on Jewish Civil Rights

Discusses whether Jews should receive full citizenship. Quote clue: Jewish citizenship

Anonymous pamphlet — The Abolition of Negro Slavery or Means for Ameliorating Their Lot

Debates ending slavery or improving enslaved people's conditions. Quote clue: Slavery

Society of the Friends of Blacks — Address to the National Assembly

Calls for abolition of the slave trade. Quote clue: Abolition

Armand-Guy Kersaint — Discussion of Troubles in the Colonies

Addresses colonial unrest. Quote clue: Colonies

National Convention — Decree Abolishing Slavery (1794)

Abolishes slavery in French colonies. Quote clue: Abolition, colonies

Condorcet — On the Admission of Women to the Rights of Citizenship

Argues women deserve political rights and votes. Quote clue: Women, voting

Etta Palm d'Aelders — Discourse on the Injustice of the Laws in Favor of Men

Criticizes laws discriminating against women. Quote clue: Unfair laws

Olympe de Gouges — Declaration of the Rights of Woman

Demands equal rights for women. Quote clue: Woman, declaration

National Convention debates — Citizenship under the Proposed New Constitution

Debates who qualifies as a citizen. Quote clue: Citizenship

National Convention debates — Women's Political Clubs and Their Suppression

Debates and restricts women's political groups. Quote clue: Women's clubs

Maximilien Robespierre — On the Principles of Political Morality

Links revolutionary virtue and terror. Quote clue: Virtue, terror

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels — The Communist Manifesto

Argues that capitalism exploits workers and produces class conflict. Quote clue: Bourgeoisie, proletariat

Victor Hugo — A Fight with a Cannon

A loose shipboard cannon illustrates danger and authority. Quote clue: Cannon, ship

Johann Gottlieb Fichte — Addresses to the German Nation

Urges German national unity and education. Quote clue: German nation

Giuseppe Mazzini — Duties Towards Your Country

Argues that people owe duties to their nation and its unity. Quote clue: Patriotism

Édouard Drumont — Jewish France

Antisemitic accusations against Jewish people in France. Quote clue: Antisemitism

Heinrich von Treitschke — Political writings (extracts)

German nationalist writings expressing antisemitism. Quote clue: Nationalism, antisemitism

Ernest Renan — What Is a Nation?

Posits that nations depend on shared memory and willingness to belong. Quote clue: Shared identity

Roger Casement — Consular Report on the Congo Free State

Exposes colonial forced labor and abuses. Quote clue: Congo, exploitation

Karl Gorzel — Letter from a German Soldier on the Battle of the Somme

Describes soldiers' experience and suffering. Quote clue: Somme, trenches

Sigmund Freud — Thoughts for the Times on War and Death

Explores aggression and attitudes to death in wartime. Quote clue: War, psychology

G. Elliot Smith and T. H. Pear — Shell Shock and Its Lessons

Discusses psychological trauma of soldiers. Quote clue: Shell shock

Wilfred Owen — Dulce et Decorum Est

Poem condemning romantic ideas of dying in war. Quote clue: Gas, suffering

Anna Litveiko — In 1917

Firsthand account of the Russian Revolution. Quote clue: Bolsheviks, Russia