Ch 7.1 The Hematic System

plasma

the pale yellow fluid that is the non cellular component of blood, including the blood’s clotting factors

Erythrocyte

red blood cells

Leukocyte

white blood cells

Thrombocyte

platelets, clotting cells

Hemostasis

the process of the body stopping and controlling bleeding

Hemoglobin

the iron-containing protein inside erythrocytes that give them their red color

Neutrophils

the “marines of the WBCs, the first responders to infection and injury, can increase their number quickly

Lymphocytes

the “generals” of the WBCs, they play a key role in coordinating the immune response to pathogens, identifying specific pathogens and directing other immune cells to attack pathogens

Granul/o

granule, little grain

Agranulocyte

a white blood cell without any granules in its cytoplasm

Macrophage

the largest phagocytic cells

Pathogen

disease

Phagocyte

any cell that engulfs and destroys harmful pathogens, foreign particles, and cellular debris

Polymorphonuclear

a leukocyte cell that has a nucleus composed of many lobes (multi-lobed) and the lobes consist of various shapes

Agglutination

it is the process of one’s own blood cell binding to donor RBCs that are incompatible, a serious life threatening antigen antibody reaction that occurs if the wrong blood type is transfused

Coagulation

the process of blood turning from a liquid to a solid, the body’s natural mechanism of hemostasis

Coagul/o

to clot, to clump

Red bone marrow

blood forming tissue that contains the stem cells that can produce red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets

Dyscrasia

a general term indicating a disorder of the blood; various clasifications (i.e anemias, hemophilias, blood cancers)

Erythema

redness or flushing of the skin due to increased blood flow in the area; persists as long as the underlying cause

Flushing

transient cutaneous erythema such as blushin

Hematoma

a swelling of blood from damaged blood vessels that pools into a tissue; if in the skin it is nicknamed a “goose egg”

Hemophilia

an inherited bleeding disorder that prolongs or inhibits blood clotting due to a deficiency of one of the clotting factors

Occult blood

blood that cannot be seen or detected in a substance (i.e stool) without the aid of laboratory testing

Pallor

abnormal paleness of the skin

Emia

blood condition

Anemia

a decreased number of red blood cells or an abnormally low level of hemoglobin

Sickle cell anemia

an inherited (genetic) disorder that causes erythrocytes to take on an abnormal curved or “sickle” shape

Pancytopenia

an abnormal decrease in the number of all types of blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, and platelets)

Cytosis

abnormal increase

Pathy

disease

Hemolysis

the destruction of red blood cells

Macrocyte

an abnormally large red blood cell

Leukocytosis

an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells

Leukopenia

an abnormal decrease in the number of white blood cells

Penia

too few, deficiency

Neutrophilia

an abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils

Coagulopathy

any condition that impairs the body’s ability clot

Embolus

a traveling clot (blood, fat, air) that floats through the blood vessels until it reaches a vessel smaller than it is and it causes an obstruction

Embol/o

plug

Thrombus

a stationary blood clot at the sit where it formed within a blood vessel

Leukemia

a term used to identify various cancers of the bone marrow that cause leukocyte cells to mutate into malignancy, become dysfunctional, and multiply uncontrollably

Hematology

the profession/professional that specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of blood and bone marrow diseases

Complete blood count w/differential (CBC diff)

measures the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and RBC details, including hemoglobin and hematocrit plus the percentage of each type of leukocyte

Differential

identifies the different types of cells and provides the percentage of each type of leukocyte

Hematocrit (Hct) test

identify the percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood

Infusion

the process of administering medication or fluid directly into the bloodstream; does not include blood products

Transfusion

administration of blood or blood products (plasma, PRBCs, platelets) into the bloodstream

Bone marrow transplant

replacement of a patient’s bone marrow with a donor’s hematopoletic (blood forming) stem cells

Anticoagulant

an agent that prevents/reduces the risk of forming a blood clot, commonly called blood thinners; typically given to patients who have previously had a blood clot

Thrombolytic

an agent that dissolves/breaks down existing blood clots