AP Psych U1P2

Circadian rhythm

Biological cycle lasting approximately 24 hours.

Ultradian rhythm

Recurring cycles shorter than 24 hours.

NREM stage 1

theta waves; slower than alpha; sensation from env. going into dreams; hypnagogic sensation - feeling of falling asleep -> jolting awake

REM sleep

Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage with dreaming.

Melatonin

Hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles.

Insomnia

Difficulty falling or staying asleep.

Narcolepsy

Disorder causing excessive daytime sleepiness.

Sleep apnea

Breathing interruptions during sleep.

Sleepwalking

Walking or performing activities while asleep.

Sleep talking

Speaking during sleep without awareness.

Night terrors

Episodes of intense fear during sleep.

Psychoactive drug

Substance altering brain function and behavior.

Tolerance

Diminished response to a drug over time.

Addiction

Compulsive drug seeking despite harmful consequences.

Withdrawal

Symptoms occurring after stopping drug use.

Alcohol

Depressant affecting GABA and glutamate.

Barbiturates

Drugs reducing anxiety and CNS activity.

Opiates

Pain-relieving drugs affecting dopamine release.

Methamphetamine

Stimulant increasing dopamine and euphoria.

Ecstasy (Molly)

Stimulant enhancing serotonin and emotional elevation.

LSD

Hallucinogen affecting serotonin and perception.

Marijuana

Hallucinogen with depressant and stimulant effects.

Cocaine

Stimulant increasing dopamine and aggression.

Hypnagogic sensation

Feeling of falling or jolting before sleep.

Sleep stages

Phases of sleep including NREM and REM.

NREM - awake but asleep

alpha waves; high freq.; slowly going into 1st stage

NREM2

n/a waves; sleep spindles - rapid bursts of rhythmic brain activity; awakened w/o difficulty but asleep

NREM3

delta; slow freq.; deepest level of NREM; lowest level of consciousness; prioritized when sick or sleep deprived

REM

n/a waves; waves rapid and saw toothed (similar to NREM1); paradoxical sleep - paralyzed, inc. in breathing, heart rate, brain activity, eyes dart; most vivid dreams; memory consolidation/learning; also prioritized when sick or sleep deprived