Chapter 11-12 Test

Noah Webster

Taught millions to read and not one to sin.

William McGuffey

Remembered for his reading textbooks.

Josiah Holbrook

Founded the Lyceum Movement.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Part of the Schoolroom poets; only American poet honored in England's Westminster Abbey.

James Russell Lowell

Distinguished himself through his powerful patriotic verse.

Washington Irving

Wrote many exciting tales of Dutch settlers along the Hudson River.

James Fenimore Cooper

America's greatest novelist; wrote Leatherstocking Tales.

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Wrote The Scarlet Letter.

Stephen Foster

Best known American composer.

Lowell Mason

Continued the tradition of the 'singing school'.

Charles Wilson Peale

Helped found the Academy of Fine Arts.

Eli Whitney

Invented the first cotton gin.

University of North Carolina

The first state university to begin operating.

Oberlin College

Became the first college to open its doors to women.

Wesleyan College

Became the first college to open its doors to women.

Traditional education

Passes the accumulated knowledge of the past to the present generation.

Blue-backed Speller

American spelling book.

McGuffey’s Readers

Most widely used and distributed series of school books in America.

Romantic era

The first half of the 19th century, emphasizing man's aspirations, emotions, individuality, personal experiences, and imaginations.

Schoolroom or Fireside Poets

A group of poets including Longfellow and Lowell, emphasizing family values and patriotism.

Hudson River School

Known for landscape paintings of scenes along the Hudson River.

Plantation

Used slave labor to produce cash crops.

Jedediah Smith

Trapper and hunter who discovered the wagon route South Pass.

William Becknell

Frontier trader known as the 'Father of the Santa Fe Trail'.

Jason Lee

Methodist missionary who was the first to take the gospel to the Indians of the Northwest.

Dr Marcus Whitman and Rev. Henry Spaulding

The missionaries to the Indians.

John Sutter

Swiss settler who obtained a large grant from the Mexican government of California.

William Taylor

Missionary to California; known as the Street Preacher for his ministry to San Francisco.

Santa Anna

Declared himself the military dictator of all Mexico resulting in a civil war.

Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett

Inventor of the Bowie knife who died at the Alamo.

James K. Polk

Democratic president.

Stephen Kearney

General who led American troops overland along the Santa Fe Trail to San Diego.

Zachary Taylor

Defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War; known as 'Old Rough and Ready'.

James Gadsden

Negotiated the purchase of the Gadsden Purchase.

South Pass

Wagon route to the Oregon Country.

Fort Vancouver

Only sizable settlement in Oregon Country controlled by the British.

Independence, Missouri

Starting point for the long trail westward to the Pacific coast.

Independence Rock

Granite landmark that westward-bound wagon trains usually reached by July.

Alamo

Fortified Spanish mission in San Antonio where Texas soldiers fought to the death for Texas liberty.

Lone Star Republic

Republic of Texas.

Veracruz

Site of the first major amphibious landing of American forces.

Great Migration

A train of 120 wagons with 1,000 pioneers to go to the West.

Bear Flag Revolt

Won California its independence from Mexico.

Battle of San Jacinto

Great Texan victory over Mexico that won Texas its independence.

Annexation

To take land and make it part of one's own country.

Mexican War

War between Mexico and the United States fought over the disputed Texas boundary.

Battle of Buena Vista

Battle where General Taylor soundly defeated Santa Anna's army in February 1847.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Signed by the Mexican government in 1848.

Mexican Cession

Territory gained by the United States including California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of several other states.

Gadsden Purchase

Acquisition of desert land in southern Arizona and New Mexico for the planned Southern Pacific Railroad.