Biology - cellular respiration and photosynthesis

ugh

chloroplast

organelle involved in photosynthesis in plant cells

Mitochondria

POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL 💪

Autotroph

an organism that makes its own food w photosynthesis or chemosnythesis

Heterotroph

an organism that consumes food and does cellular respiration

anaerobe

organism that doesn't use oxygen (fermentation)

aerobe

organism that uses oxygen (cellular respiration)

calorie

amount of energy required to heat 1ml of water 1 degree Celsius
unit of measurement basically

Calorie

1000 calories
units we measure food in

obligate

can only do cellular respiration or fermentation

facultative

can do both cellular respiration and fermentation

redox reaction

chemical reaction including the transferring of electrons to and from a molecule

adenosine Tri-phosphate

ATP

Cristae

the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane

matrix

the fluid inside the inner mitochondrial membrane

hexokinase

the first enzyme used in glycosides

NADH

molecule created in glycosis and Krebs cycle that's used to make ATP in the ETC

FADH2

made in the Krebs cycle and used to make ATP in the ETC

GTP

less cool version of ATP, but basically the same

fermentation

a way to make energy that doesn't use oxygen

alcoholic

type of fermentation that turns pyruvic acid and NADH into ethyl

Lactic acid

type of fermentation that turns pyruvic acid and NADH into lactic acid

creatine phosphate

sort of like a steroid, that gives you better endurance bc it delays lactic acid fermentation

pigments

absorb different types of lights wavelengths

chlorophyll

the pigment that absorbs light to turn it into glucose, two types, don't absorb one type of light wavelength

photosystems

cluster of chlorophyll and accessory pigments, there's two types

thylakoids

Membrane bound sac-like photosynthetic blobs that contain the pigments

granum

stacks of thylakoids

stroma

fluid inside the chlorophyll around the thylakoids

Calvin cycle

AKA the light independent reaction, creates one half of glucose, basically.

spectrophotometer

a device that measure how much a solution will absorb a certain wavelength of light (or color)

stomata

tiny holes in leafs and stuff that lets water in and CO2 out.