MIL

Communication

 IS THE DIRECTED AND PURPOSELY EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION AND MESSAGES BETWEEN PEOPLE OR GROUPS OF PEOPLE BY SPEAKING, WRITING, GESTURES, AND SIGNS.

MESSAGES

REFER TO ANY FORM OF COMMUNICATION (INFORMATION, FEELINGS, AND IDEAS) PASSED OR TRANSMITTED USING A CHANNEL. TUROW (2007) GOES FURTHER BY SAYING THAT IS A COLLECTION OF SYMBOLS THAT APPEAR PURPOSEFULLY ORGANIZED (MEANINGFUL) TO THOSE SENDING OR RECEIVING THEM.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

REFERS TO THE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO PERSONS, WHETHER THEY ARE VERBAL OR NON-VERBAL

MASS COMMUNICATION

 IS THE TERM COMMONLY USED TO REFER TO COMMUNICATION THAT ARE CONFIGURED TO CREATE, PRODUCE, AND DISSEMINATE MEDIA TEXTS TO MASS AUDIENCES. TRADITIONAL FORMS OF MASS COMMUNICATION CONSISTS OF NEWSPAPER, RADIO, TELEVISION, AND FILM.

Communication

the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else

Communication

the exchange of information and the expression of feeling that can result in understanding

NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

•Signs

•Symbols

•Colors

•Gestures

•body language

•facial expressions

VERBAL COMMUNICATION

•Oral

•Written

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

 A FORM OF COMMUNICATION THAT INVOLVES TWO TO THREE INDIVIDUALS INTERACTING THROUGH THE USE OF THEIR VOICES AND BODIES.

MEDIATED INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

THE USE OF DEVICES SUCH AS PEN, TELEPHONE, OR COMPUTER

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

PEOPLE COMMUNICATE DIFFERENTLY IN A WORKING ENVIRONMENT.

SOURCE

IS WHERE THE MESSAGE CAME FROM. IT CAN BE THE PERSON OR AN ORGANIZATION.

ENCODING

 THE PROCESS BY WHICH A MESSAGE IS TRANSLATED SO IT CAN BE TRANSMITTED AND COMMUNICATED TO ANOTHER PARTY.

TRANSMITTING

THE ACTUAL ACT OF SENDING THE MESSAGE. IT CAN EITHER BE THROUGH THE PERSON’S VOCAL CHORDS AND FACIAL MUSCLES COMPLEMENTED WITH HAND GESTURES, IF WE MEAN THE ACT OF SPEAKING.

CHANNELS

 TECHNOLOGIES ARE THE LINES THAT ENABLE THE ACT OF SENDING OR TRANSMITTING. IT COULD BE THE TELEPHONE, THE INTERNET FOR VOICE OPERATED APPLICATION, THE RADIO AND TELEVISION, OR THE PRINT MEDIA TO COMMUNICATE MORE COMPLEX MESSAGES.

DECODING

THE TRANSMITTED IMPULSES ARE CONVERTED TO SIGNS AS THE BRAIN PERCEIVES AND PROCESS IT. THE REVERSE OF ENCODING, or THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE RECEIVER TRANSLATES THE SOURCE’S THOUGHTS AND IDEAS SO THEY CAN HAVE MEANING.

RECEIVER

IS THE ONE WHO GETS THE MESSAGE THAT WAS TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE CHANNELS. LIKE THE SOURCE OR SENDER, CAN BE AN INDIVIDUAL OR AN ORGANIZATION.

FEEDBACK

IS THE RESPONSE GENERATED BY THE MESSAGE THAT WAS SENT TO THE RECEIVER. IT CAN EITHER BE IMMEDIATE OR DELAYED.

NOISE INTERFERENCE

NOISE BE TREATED BOTH LITERALLY AND FIGURATIVELY. LITERALLY, IT IS A MECHANICAL SOUND THAT IS PERHAPS MORE RESONANT THAN THE MESSAGE DROWNING IT. IT CAN ALSO MEAN OTHER MESSAGES WITH CONFLICTING TONES DROWNING THE ORIGINAL MESSAGE.

Types of Media

Print Media
Broadcast Media
Film/ Cinema
Video Games
New Media

Social Media

forms of electronic communication (such as web sites) through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc.

Lasswell’s communication model

Who is speaking? What are they saying? How is it delivered, and what effect does it have? Explore the five elements that reveal how communication reaches and influences an audience.

Lasswell’s communication model

- Designed to study mass communication and propaganda
-Focuses on analyzing the process and effect of communication

Lasswell’s communication model

Who → Says What → In Which Channel → To Whom → With What Effect?

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

introduced the model in his influential paper, “A Mathematical Theory of Communiction,” published in the Bell System Technical Journal.

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

the model was created to explain how information could be transmitted efficiently through communication systems, particularly telephone and telegraph networks. It focused on the technical problems of sending information from one point to another and reducing errors or interference during transmission.

Warren Weaver

an American scientist and communication theorist, helped popularize and broaden Shannon’s ideas through his book The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Weaver discussed how Shannon’s technical model could also be applied to human communication.

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

Sender – Encoder – Channel – decoder – Receiver – Feedback
The model presents one way process from sender to receiver

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

explain how information is transmitted from a sender to a receiver and how the message can be affected by noise or interference

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

The main idea of this model is that communication is not just from a sender to a receiver. Both people can send and receive messages, which makes communication a continuous and circular process.

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

that communication is not just about sending a message but also about receiving, interpreting, and responding to it. It emphasizes feedback and mutual understanding between two people. For example, when a teacher explains a lesson and a student asks a question, the teacher responds, creating a continuous exchange of communication.

Charles Egerton Osgood

• American psychologist who studied language, meaning, and human behavior.

• Researched how people understand and interpret words and symbols.

• His work contributed to understanding the interpretation of messages in communication.

Wilbur Lang Schramm

• American communication scholar known as one of the pioneers of communication studies.

• Helped establish communication as an academic field.

Emphasized interaction, feedback, and the role of people in the communication process

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication

• Introduced in the 1950s

• A circular/two-way model of communication

• Emphasizes feedback and interpretation

Wesley and Maclean’s Communication

explains how communication happens between people and how mass media help deliver information to a large audience.

Wesley and Maclean’s Communication

to provide a clearer understanding of how communication takes place, especially in mass media. It explains how information begins from an event or source, passes through a communication channel or gatekeeper, and eventually reaches the audience.

The model also aims to show that information may be selected, organized, or filtered before it reaches the audience. This helps explain the role of journalists, editors, and media organizations in deciding what information will be communicated

Bruce H. Westley

• an associate professor of journalism at the University of Wisconsin
  He studied how information is selected and communicated to people through mass media.

• His work helped explain how events and information reach the public through reporters and news organizations.

Malcolm S. Maclean Jr.

• an associate professor of journalism at Michigan State University

• He worked with Bruce H. Westley to develop a model explaining communication, particularly mass communication.

• Their model highlights the roles of sources, gatekeepers, audiences, and feedback

Environment/ Environmental Factors

the events, objects, or situations happening around people that can become the starting point of communication.

Sensory Experiences

sensory experience refers to how a person uses their senses to observe or become aware of events in their environment.

Source

the person who sends the message. or the person who observes an event and decides to communicate information about it to others.

Object of Orientation

The object of orientation of the source is the subjective beliefs or experiences of the person sending the message.

Receiver

The receiver is the person who gets the message.

Object of Orientation

The object of orientation of the receiver is the subjective beliefs or experiences of the person receiving the message. The receiver will decode a message using their own personal perspectives.

 Feedback

the response or reaction of the receiver to the message sent by the source. It allows the source to know how the receiver understands or responds to the information.

Gatekeeper

are more common in mass communication than interpersonal communication.

They are the editors of messages before they are passed on to the receiver.