Midterm HEC 140: Quizzes

Which of the following is not a class of nutrient?

1) Alcohol

2) Carbohydrates

3) Lipids

4) Minerals

Alcohol

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use?

1) Lipids and oils

2) Fiber

3) Vitamins

4) Minerals

Lipids and oils

What substances, present in fruits and vegetables, provide significant health benefits such as reducing the risk of cancer?

1) Phytochemicals

2) Beta blockers

3) Deoxidizers

4) Free radicals

Phytochemicals

The essential nutrients

1) must be consumed at every meal

2) are required for infants but not adults

3) can be made in the body when they are needed

4) cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health

cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health

Fibers belong to the class of nutrients known as

1) carbohydrates

2) proteins

3) lipids

4) minerals

carbohydrates

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins?

1) provide energy

2) become structural components of the body

3) enable chemical processes in the body

4) made in sufficient quantities by the body

enable chemical processes in the body

Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by carbohydrates?

1) contain more kcalories than protein

2) supply 4 kcalories per gram

3) add sweetness to food

4) provide a major source of fuel for the body

contain more kcalories than protein

Which of the following is characteristic of lipids?

1) supply 4 kcalories per gram

2) add structural strength to bones and muscles

3) supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body

4) add sweetness to food

supply a concentrated form of fuel for the body

Which of the following is not a characteristic of protein?

1) major component of body structure

2) supplies 4 kcalories per gram

3) most significant energy source for humans

4) forms enzymes

most significant energy source for humans

Which of the following yield greater than 4 kcalories per gram?

1) plant fats

2) plant carbohydrates

3) plant proteins

4) animal proteins

plant fats

Which of the following is not true about water?

1) provides energy

2) provides a way to transport nutrients and waste

3) by-product of cell chemical reactions

4) dietary need of approximately 9-13 cups per day

provides energy

Which of the following is true about the energy content of nutrients?

1) lipids supply 7 kcalories per gram

2) carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcalories per gram

3) alcohol supplies 9 kcalories per gram

4) lipids and alcohol supply 9 kcalories per gram

carbohydrates and proteins supply 4 kcalories per gram

A kilocalorie is a measure of

1) heat energy

2) fat in food

3) nutrients in food

4) sugar and fat in food

heat energy

A serving of bleu cheese dressing containing 23 grams of fat would yield _____ kilocalories from fat.

1) 161

2) 92

3) 207

4) 255

207

A large hamburger (e.g., Whopper) sandwich contains 628 kilocalories and 36 grams of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

1) 23%

2) 52%

3) 19%

4) 41%

52%

Which of the following are substances in plant foods that are not digested in the stomach or small intestine?

1) dextrose

2) disaccharides

3) dietary fiber

4) simple sugars

dietary fiber

Which of the following contain no calories?

1) alcohol

2) proteins

3) carbohydrates

4) vitamins

vitamins

Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate?

1) starches

2) table sugar

3) disaccharides

4) monosaccharides

starches

Which of the following includes all energy-yielding substances?

1) carbohydrates, lipids, protein

2) vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, protein

3) alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein

4) carbohydrates, lipids, protein, vitamins, minerals, water

alcohol, carbohydrates, lipids, protein

Which of the following terms describes psychological influences that encourage us to find and eat food?

1) appetite

2) hunger

3) satiety

4) obsession

appetite

The digestive system supports the ______ system by destroying pathogens and preventing microorganisms from entering the bloodstream.

1) immune

2) circulatory

3) digestive

4) muscular

immune

Which of the following act as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins required to perform specific body tasks?

1) RNA

2) cells

3) organs

4) DNA

DNA

To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?

1) heart

2) lungs

3) liver

4) kidneys

lungs

The ___________________________ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.

1) urinary

2) cardiovascular

3) endocrine

4) lymphatic

endocrine

The ________________________ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins.

1) endocrine

2) immune

3) cardiovascular

4) lymphatic

immune

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

1) excretion of fat-soluble vitamins

2) excretion of water-soluble vitamins

3) contributes to acid-base balance of the food

4) helps to regulate water content of the body

excretion of fat-soluble vitamins

What is the function of mucus in the stomach?

1) emulsifies fat

2) neutralizes stomach acid

3) digests food

4) protects stomach cells from gastric juices

protects stomach cells from gastric juices

Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?

1) breaks apart food particles

2) controls passage of food through the GI tract

3) controls peristalsis

4) releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract

controls passage of food through GI tract

Where are most digestive enzymes produced?

1) pancreas and small intestine

2) liver and large intestine

3) pancreas and large intestine

4) liver and pancreas

pancreas and small intestine

Which of the following body organs produces bile?

1) stomach

2) salivary glands

3) pancreas

4) liver

liver

Which of the following is not considered part of the GI tract?

1) anus

2) lungs

3) colon

4) esophagus

lungs

The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called

1) nutrigenomics

2) food biotechnology

3) nutritional biochemistry

4) genetic engineering

nutrigenomics

A function of the large intestine is to absorb

1) fats and proteins

2) vitamins and minerals

3) water and minerals

4) proteins and carbohydrates

water and minerals

The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

1) chemical energy

2) structural components

3) vitamins

4) hormones

chemical energy

After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?

1) portal

2) enterohepatic

3) lymphatic

4) mesentery

lymphatic

Peristalsis refers to

1) chewing and swallowing

2) the opening and closing of the sphincters

3) the action of bile on dietary fat

4) muscular movement of materials through the GI tract

muscular movement of materials through the GI tract

Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes?

1) one enzyme can speed many types of chemical processes

2) enzymes are not sensitive to temperature

3) Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.

4) enzymes typically work independently of vitamins or minerals

Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.

Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms except

1) sustained absorption

2) passive absorption

3) active absorption

4) facilitated absorption

sustained absorption

The villi of the small intestine

1) provide an enormous surface area that facilities absorption

2) store fat-soluble vitamins

3) continuously move food through the small intestines to the colon

4) inactivate enzymes consumed with food

provide an enormous surface area that facilities absorption

*Look at image on Module 2 Quiz*

The following picture is illustrating which body system?

1) lymphatic system

2) muscular system

3) cardiovascular system

4) digestive system

digestive system

What is the major monosaccharide found in the body?

1) glucose

2) fructose

3) galactose

4) sucrose

glucose

Glucose also is known as

1) levulose

2) ribose

3) maltose

4) dextrose

dextrose

The term "simple carbohydrates" refers to

1) starch

2) monosaccharides and disaccharides

3) fiber

4) polysaccharides

monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Carbohydrate digestion begins in the

1) stomach with gastric lipase

2) stomach with salivary amylase

3) mouth with salivary amylase

4) small intestine with pancreas amylase

mouth with salivary amylase

The main function of glucose is to

1) serve as raw material to build tissue

2) work with enzymes to carry out chemical reactions

3) repair tissue

4) supply energy

supply energy

When insulin is released, it causes

1) the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood

2) muscles and fat cells to increase glucose uptake

3) fat breakdown in fat tissue

4) the liver to make glycogen from protein

muscles and fat cells to increase glucose uptake

Which of the following hormones is released to correct a hypoglycemic state?

1) insulin

2) testosterone

3) estrogen

4) glucagon

glucagon

Glycogen is

1) a highly branched polysaccharide

2) stored in the absence of dietary carbohydrate

3) a straight chain of glucoses linked together

4) a hormone for blood glucose regulation

a highly branched polysaccharide

Dietary fiber may play a key role in the prevention of which cancer?

1) colon

2) liver

3) pancreatic

4) stomach

colon

Which of the following foods would have the most fiber?

1) kidney beans

2) English muffins made with enriched flour

3) orange juice

4) corn flakes

kidney beans

Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate?

1) Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee

2) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk

3) 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee

4) 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter

8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk

Medical conditions related to metabolic syndrome are

1) type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer

2) type 1 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke

3) type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke

4) type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and cancer

type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke

Which of the following is not characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?

1) arises most commonly in adulthood

2) associated with a tendency to develop ketosis

3) sometimes caused by viral infection

4) has a genetic link

arises most commonly in adulthood

All of the following are characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus except

1) arises most commonly in adulthood

2) caused by insensitivity of fat and muscle cells to insulin

3) often associated with obesity

4) the least common form of diabetes

the least common form of diabetes

The recommended daily intake of fiber is approximately ___________ grams.

1) 5

2) 30

3) 100

4) 450

30

How many calories are in 1 gram of carbohydrates?

1) 2

2) 4

3) 7

4) 9

4

If a certain food contains 20 grams of carbohydrates, how many calories come from carbohydrates in that food?

1) 20

2) 40

3) 80

4) 180

80

Simple forms of carbohydrates are also called _______________________.

1) sugars

2) starches

3) fiber

4) photosynthesis

sugars

The basic building block of a protein is called a(n)

1) fatty acid

2) monosaccharide

3) amino acid

4) keto acid

amino acid

Which of the following is true about protein?

1) It is unique in that it is the only dietary component that contains selenium.

2) It is important primarily for increasing bone density.

3) It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.

4) It is made up of combinations of amino acids and fatty acids.

It is made up of combinations of approximately 20 amino acids.

An essential amino acid

1) can be synthesized in the body if there is a nitrogen source.

2) can be synthesized in the body if caloric intake is adequate.

3) cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs.

4) can be formed in the body from semiessential amino acids.

cannot be synthesized in the body in sufficient quantity to meet body needs

All of the following are true of high-quality protein except

1) it contains all essential amino acids.

2) it provides 7 kcal/g of energy.

3) it can support body maintenance.

4) it can support body growth.

it provides 7 kcal/g of energy.

Which of the following is not true about an incomplete protein source?

1) It lacks one or more essential amino acids.

2) It cannot support body growth and maintenance by itself.

3) To adequately meet protein needs from incomplete protein sources, a person would have to eat two complementary proteins.

4) Lower quantities of this source could be eaten to get adequate quantities of essential amino acids.

Lower quantities of this source could be eaten to get adequate quantities of essential amino acids.

Proteins are digested in which areas of the body?

1) mouth and stomach

2) mouth and small intestine

3) stomach and small intestine

4) small and large intestines

stomach and small intestine

What enzyme is released by the stomach to digest protein?

1) pepsin

2) lipoprotein lipase

3) amylase

4) trypsin

pepsin

When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is

1) burned/oxidized then can be stored as glycogen and/or fat.

2) excreted in the urine

3) stored as amino acids in muscle

4) stored as amino acids in the liver

burned/oxidized then can be stored as glycogen and/or fat.

Antibodies are

1) hormones

2) enzymes

3) lipoprotein

4) proteins

proteins

High protein diets may be harmful for

1) those with kidney disease

2) athletes

3) the elderly

4) body builders

those with kidney disease

Kwashiorkor usually is associated with a deficiency of

1) carbohydrates

2) fat

3) protein

4) kilocalories

protein

How many calories are in 1 gram of protein?

1) 2

2) 4

3) 7

4) 9

4

If a specific food has 10 grams of protein, how many calories come from protein in that food?

1) 20

2) 40

3) 70

4) 90

40

An example of protein complementation used in vegetarian diet planning would be the combination of

1) cereal and milk

2) bacon and eggs

3) rice and beans

4) macaroni and cheese

rice and beans

An individual who eats only plant food is referred to as a ____________________.

1) planetarium

2) vegan

3) lactovegetarian

4) lactoovovegetarian

vegan

Olive and canola oils contain a high percentage of ____________ fatty acids.

1) monounsaturated

2) saturated

3) polysaturated

4) trans

monounsaturated

Of the macronutrients, ____________ is/are the most significant dietary factor(s) associated with heart disease.

1) carbohydrate

2) vitamins

3) fat

4) protein

fat

All of the following are characteristic of cholesterol except

1) it is used for making estrogen and testosterone.

2) it is converted to bile.

3) it is incorporated into cell membranes.

4) it is an essential nutrient.

it is an essential nutrient

In which form are most dietary lipids found?

1) sterols

2) phospholipids

3) triglycerides

4) monoglycerides

triglycerides

The main reason for hydrogenating fats is to

1) improve taste

2) change a liquid fat to a solid fat.

3) change a solid fat to a liquid fat

4) improve food appearance

change a liquid fat to a solid fat

The major fat-digesting enzyme is

1) salivary amylase

2) pepsin

3) gastric lipase

4) pancreatic lipase

pancreatic lipase

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

1) oleic

2) linoleic

3) palmitic

4) stearic

linoleic

Which of the following does not describe a function of fat?

1) Adds flavor to food

2) Carrier of fat-soluble vitamins

3) Best source of energy for the brain

4) Insulates and protects the body

Best source of energy for the brain

How many calories are in 1 gram of fat?

1) 2

2) 4

3) 7

4) 9

9

If there are 5 grams of fat in a certain food, how many calories come from fat in that food?

1) 10

2) 20

3) 35

4) 45

45

Which of the following diets that focuses on consuming whole wheat grains and healthy fats such as olive oil, is considered to be one of the heart healthiest diets?

1) Atkins

2) Weight Watchers

3) Cabbage

4) Mediterranean

Mediterranean

Which of the following lipoproteins is considered the "good" one?

1) Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

2) Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

3) High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

4) Lipoprotein Lipase

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

An excess of _________________________ fatty acids is said to increase your risk of cardiovascular disease.

1) monosaturated

2) essential

3) trans

4) polyunsaturated

trans

In the digestion of fats and oils, most digestion takes place in the __________________________.

1) stomach

2) small intestine

3) pancreas

4) large intestine

small intestine

______________ fatty acids must be supplied by the diet to maintain health.

1) polysaturated

2) monounsaturated

3) saturated

4) essential

essential

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

1) Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic

2) Water-soluble vitamins are stored, whereas fat-soluble vitamins are excreted readily.

3) Fat-soluble vitamins have much less potential for toxicity.

4) Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat.

Water-soluble are less likely to be toxic

Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?

1) They tend to exist in several biologically active forms.

2) They are transported via special carriers in the bloodstream.

3) They are stored in the body.

4) Excesses are excreted in the urine.

Excesses are excreted in the urine.

All the following are true of B-vitamins except

1) they can be lost during food processing and preparation.

2) they are stored in adipose tissue.

3) they are water-soluble.

4) they serve as coenzymes

they are stored in adipose tissue.

The vitamin content of foods is diminished by all of the following except

1) exposure to light

2) cooking in water

3) alkalinity

4) freezing

freezing

A nutrient that has been deemed essential but has not been classified as a vitamin is

1) beta-carotene

2) pyridoxine

3) alpha-tocopherol

4) choline

choline

Which of the following criteria qualifies a compound as a vitamin?

1) The compound is necessary for health, but the body is unable to synthesize enough of the compound to maintain health.

2) The compound prevents chronic disease and is soluble in fat or water.

3) The compound is required for optimal health.

4) The body is unable to synthesize the compound.

The compound is necessary for health, but the body is unable to synthesize enough of the compound to maintain health.

Which of the following statements about micronutrients is true?

1) Choline is the most recent addition to the vitamins

2) Toxicity diseases are not likely to result from overdoses of trace minerals because they are stored in such small amounts.

3) It is likely that all essential vitamins and minerals have been identified.

4) Natural forms of vitamins are much more potent than synthetic forms.

It is likely that all essential vitamins and minerals have been identified.

Vitamins A, C, and E work together to

1) provide strength and stability to bones.

2) serve as coenzymes in the chemical reactions of energy metabolism.

3) protect the body from damage by free radicals.

4) maintain the balance between intracellular and extracellular fluid.

protect the body from damage by free radicals.

A _____________________ is an intake of a nutrient beyond estimates of needs to prevent a deficiency or what would be found in a balanced diet

1) bioavailability

2) megadose

3) coenzyme

4) vitamin

megadose

A disease characterized by poor mineralization of newly synthesized bones because of low calcium content.

1) osteomalacia

2) xerophthalmia

3) rickets

4) scurvy

rickets

Which of the following are water soluble vitamins?

1) B's and C

2) A, D, and C

3) D and C

4) D and K

B's and C

Vitamins have ________ calories per gram.

1) 0

2) 4

3) 7

4) 9

0