botany chapter 2 and 3

primary metabolites

molecules found in all plant cells necessary for life

secondary metabolites

stored in vacuoles, healing, insecticides, allelopathic, important for survival and propagation, and have phytoalexins

alkaloids

secondary metabolites that include morphine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, theobromine, theophylline, atropine, quinine, vinblastine, and reserpine

terpenoids

lergest class of primary and secondary metabolites that include lemonine, menthol, taxol, cardiac glycosides, carotenoids, and plastoquinones. composed of isoprene units

phenolics

secondary metabolites that include flavenoids, anthocyanins, flavenols, salicylic acid, aloin, and chysophanic acid

plastids

secondary metabolites that inclulde chromoplasts, amyloplasts, and eitoplasts

morphine

an alkaloid found in the afgan poppy plant and fruit, is a psychoactive drug

cocaine

alkaloid found in cocoa plant in andes mountains, can be insecticide and numbing for rhinoplasty

caffeine

alkaloid found in fruits of Coffee arabica, Teobroma cacao, and Camellia sinensis, is an allelopathic stimulant , from ethiopia, produced mainly in brazil, vietnam, and columbia

allelopathy

when a compound is leeched into the soil to reduce competition from other plants

nicotine

alkaloid found in tobacco Nicotiana tabacum, stimulant phytoalexin

theobromine

alkaloid found in cacao, insecticide, used for vascular disorders, named after Theobroma

theophylline

alkaloid found in Camellia seniensis, insecticide, helps respiratory diseases

atropine

alkaloid found in deadly nightshade Atropa belladonna, Hyoscymus muticus, and Egyptian henbane, named after atropa, stimulant that dilates pupils

quinine

alkaloid found in fever bark tree, rubiceae family, treats malaria

vinblastine

alkaloid found in periwinkle Vinca rosea, helps fight leukemia

reserpine

alkaloid found in Rauvolfia serpentina in india, treats hypertension, ancient medicinal plant

lemonine

secondary metabolite terpenoid found in lemons

menthol

secondary metabolite terpenoid found in mint

taxol

secondary metabolite terpenoid found in yew trees, found in the bark, used for pest resistance and is anti-cancerous

cardiac glycosides

secondary metabolite terpenoid found in milkweed and foxgloves, sugar unit attached, treats heart faliure, digitoxin

rubber

secondary metabolite, largest terpenoid compound, pest resistance from bark of tree, latex, found in Hevea brasiliensis, has up to 100,000 isoprene unites

terpens use

made of isoprene gas units, emitted in light, cools plants down, smoke of smoky mountains

flavenoids

phenolic pigments for flower color

flavenols

sunscreen for plant

sylacilic acid

produced when plant gets pathogenic attack, found in willow bark and is airborne for other plants, used for asprin

aloin

laxative found in aloe and used for insecticides

chysophanic acid

found in aloe and used for skin healing and insecticides

chromoplasts

plastid with oil bodies

amyloplast

plastid that stores starch

eitoplast

plastid that contains prolamellar bodies, chloroplasts move to walls parallel to leaf when in dim light, move to walls perpendicular when in bright light

etiolation

eitoplast beocomes chloroplast when placed in light

phytoalexins

antimicrobial compounds found in secondary metabolites responsible for healing and warding off infection

carotenoids

primary metabolite terpenoid that produces yellow, orange, and red pigments

plastoquinones

PQs or QAQBs, primary metabolite terpenoid responsible for cell transfer during photosynthesis

lignin

primary metabolite that is a phenolic structural supporter

tannins

primary metabolite that matures fruits, is a pest repellent, found in central vacule, and blocks formation of endothelin

endothelin

peptide that raises blood pressure and causes heart disease