Marine Biology Exam 2

Virus

tiny infectious particle, reproduce only in host. genetic material in protein coat, not made of cells

prokaryotes

lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles, bacteria and archae

microbial loop

way DOM is used by bacteria/archae

metagenomics

sequencing dna from all organisms in environmental sample

stromatolite

layered structure formed by cyanobacteria

frustule

silica shell of diatom

Zooxanthellae

photosynthetic dinoflagellates with corals and hosts- NOT BACTERIA

pseudopodia

extensions of cell used for movement/capturing food, in radiolorians and foraminiferans

lichen

symbiotic association of fungus with green algae and cyanobacteria

Why are viruses outside of the three domains?

acellular

What type of protist is known for bioluminescence?

dinoflagellates

which protists have silica shells?

Diatoms and radiolorians

Which protists have CaCo3 shells

Foraminiferans

What is kingdom protista?

unicellular algae and protozoans

fucoxanthin

gives brown algae their color

phycobilins

gives red algae its red color

Phycocolloids in red algae

carrageenan and agar

phycocolloids in brown algae

algin

radial symmetry

body plan arranged around central axis

bilateral symmetry

body in mirror left and right halves

what phylum is asymmetrical

Porifera- spounges

oral/ arboral

towards mouth/ opposite mouth

dorsal/ ventral

backside/ belly side

ostia/ osculum

small incurrent pores/ large excurrent opening in spounge

Choanocyte

Flagellated sponge cell that drives water flow and traps food particles

Spicule / spongin

Skeletal elements of sponges, spicules silica or CaCo3. spongin protein fiber

Amoebocyte

Mobile sponge cell that transports nutrients and may form skeletal components.

Porocyte / pinacocyte

Pore-forming sponge cell / flat outer covering cell.

epidermis/ mesoglea/ gastrodermis

Outer cell layer / gelatinous layer / inner digestive cell layer of cnidarians.

Cnidocyte/ nematocyst

specialized stinging cell/ stinging structure within

Planula larve

Ciliated, swimming larval stage of cnidarians that can disperse and settle

Siphonophore

Colonial hydrozoan made of specialized polyps; Portuguese man-of-war is an example

Colloblasts

Sticky prey-capturing cell of comb jellies, no nematocysts

Cephalization

Concentration of sensory structures and nervous tissue at the anterior end

Meiofauna

Tiny animals living between sediment grains.

Parapodia/ setae

Paired lateral appendages of many polychaetes / bristles on them.

4 main animal characteristics

eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, aerobic respiration, usually mobile

why are spounges not eaten/overgrown

produce chemical deterrants

differences between comb and sea jellies

comb jellies dont have nematocysts, biradial symmetry, sea jellies are radial symmetry

Phylums that cause disease in verts?

platyhelminthes (flukes and tapeworms), nematoda (anisakis)

how do ribbon worms (nematodes) feed?

long, extended proboscious

how do beard worms get nutrients at hydrothermal vents?

symbiotic relationship with chemosynthetic bacteria in their gut

4 chordate characteristics

dorsal hollow nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, notochord, post anal tail

radula

Ribbon of teeth used to scrape or cut food in many molluscs.

mantle

Tissue that covers the visceral mass and secretes the shell in shelled molluscs.

foot

Muscular molluscan structure used for crawling, burrowing, or modified into arms in cephalopods.

Flattened from side to side, as in bivalves.

laterally compressed

valve/ abductor muscles

Each half of a bivalve shell / muscles that close the valves.

byssal threads

Strong fibers mussels use to attach to hard surfaces.

Chromatophore

Pigment-containing cell used for rapid color change, especially in cephalopods.

Dermal photorecptor

Light-sensitive receptor in skin that can contribute to sensing ambient light.

Verliger larve

Larval stage of many molluscs with a ciliated swimming/feeding structure.

copepods

tiny abundant plankton, swim with antennae

amphipods

laterally compressed “scuds”

isopods

dorsal-ventrally flattened

krill

Planktonic crustaceans that eat phytoplankton and are major prey

Stomatopod

Mantis shrimp

decapods

Crustacean group including shrimp, lobsters and crabs; five pairs of walking legs

Pereopods / chelipeds / maxillipeds

Walking legs / claw-bearing first legs in many decapods / three pairs of mouthparts

Lophophore

Ciliated tentacle crown used in suspension feeding in bryozoans, brachiopods and phoronids

Incurrent / excurrent siphons

Openings through which water enters / exits a filter-feeding tunicate.

Aristotles lantern

Complex jaw apparatus used by sea urchins to graze.

Pedicellariae

Small pincer-like structures on echinoderms that clean the surface and sometimes defend.

largest, most common and most varied mollusc group?

gastropoda

limulus amoebocyte lysate?

test made from horsehoe crab amoebocytes that tests medical products for contamination

what is evisceration and what group does it

expelling part of gut through anus, sea cucumbers

eukaryotes

protists, fungi, animals and plants