applied criminal psychology midterm

what is the definition of criminal profiling?

it is the investigation and analysis of data which has been extracted from various sources.

five professions that use criminal profiling

police, social workers, attorneys, psychiatrists, private investigators

who was lombroso & what was his theory of criminology?

he was an italian physician, the first to formally classify offenders. he did so through a theory of criminal anthropology, stating that there are 18 characteristics indicative of a born criminal.

which physcial characteristics did lombroso believe indicated a born criminal? name 5 of them.

deviation in head size, eye defects, abundance of wrinkles, excessively long arms, more than ten fingers or toes.

lombroso defined three types of criminals. what are they?

born criminals (degenerate primitive offenders who were predetermined), insane criminals (offenders that suffered physical or mental illnesses), criminaloids (no specific characteristics, but are predisposed to commit crimes under certain circumstances — compared to the psychopathic personality disorder).

what did sir conan doyle contribute to criminology?

he re-investigated the case of george edalji who was wrongfully convicted due to his race. he was the chief architect of post conviction case review he also reviewed the oscar slater case.

who are key figures in the field of criminal psychology?

dr. gross — one of the founders of criminal profiling, argued for the importance of identifying offender behavior, he argued against the use of intuition on cases.

howard teten — he was one of the first FBI agents to teach abnormal criminal psychology and profiling to the FBI.

kirsch, douglass, hazelwood — founders of the FBI’s BAU.

what are the four types of timelines that have to be sorted during an investigation?

1 — actual: the subject/unsub actions and behaviors

2 — police/LE: the discoveries and actions of police

3 — family: notifications and interviews

4 — public disclosure: the information provided to the public

name five other people that may be profiled during an investigation

persons of interest, victims, juries, opposing counsel, potential jurors.

what is the definition of environmental criminology?

positivist theory that crime is influenced, if not caused by, a person’s environment.

what are the three premises environmental criminology is based on?

1 — that crime is best understood in terms of interaction between the offender and their environment,

2 — crime is patterned due to the nature of the environment,

3 — the knowledge of crime patterns is useful in the prevention and control of crime.

what are the two models of offender behavior in canter’s circle theory?

marauders usually operate in an area they are familiar with, whereas commuters operate in a place that is not their community.

name five types of digital evidence that could be found on the scene?

tablets, camera feeds, social media, gaming systems, smartphones.

name five types of nonverbal communication that can be used when interviewing?

haptics (touching behavior), kinesics (body language), olfactics (use of smell), artifacts (tangible items), ocalics (use of eyes)

name five verbal communication elements used during an interview

spoken words, written words, syntax, grammar, topic changes

what are the four goals of crime analysis?

apprehending criminals, preventing crime, reducing disorder, evaluational procedures.

name five behaviors that are considered sexually deviant

fetishism, sexual coercion, necrophilia, infidelity, sadomasochism

name 3 crimes associated with child abuse online

viewing images of children, sharing images of children, producing images of children

3 SA myths?

women are the only victims of assault, women often make false claims/all claims are valid, the victim is responsible for the assault

define victimology

branch of criminology that studies the relationship between the victim and the offender by examining the causes and the nature of the crime — were the victims random?

what is a remote v live assessment?

remote = no contact with victims

live = when interviews are conducted or direct communication is had

what is the difference between a subject and an unsub?

subject = generic term used to refer to the person of interest or perp

unsub = unknown subject of investigation

what is a signature?

signature is something that does not need to be done in order to commit a crime

what are the two things a profiler would provide to a client when starting a case?

an NDA (confidentiality), and a disclaimer (liability).

in a clinical setting, when are professionals required to tell authorities about a patient or situation?

1 — if plans are made to harm themselves or others

2 — child or elder abuse is going on

3 — if a fraud is going on related to medication

4 — if subpoenaed or requested by a court

5 elements of physical mo?

content, linguistic, time pattern analyses, technical discipline, writing style

in the GBM, name 5 of the psychological MO, explain 3 of them

predatory needs, target/victim analysis, escalation, level of success, level of self-control.

what is the five factor model?

1 — interpersonal coherence: style of interaction with others that carries into crime

2 — significance of time and place

3 — criminal characteristics: type of crimes committed

4 — criminal career: experience and recidivism

5 — forensic awareness: premeditation, use of countermeasures

what is jim clemente’s 5 factor model? what are the variables of the model?

victimology, location, crime scene behavior, organizational level, pre & post offense behavior

besides figuring out offender’s identity, what are five other goals of a profile?

assessing dangerousness, anticipating future criminal behavior, reducing the suspect pool, mitigating incidents, providing follow-ups post incident.

name 3 subfields of linguistics

computational, historical, clinical, sociolinguistics, bio-linguistics

name five kinds of crimes profiled by criminal psychologists?

homicide, harassment, serial crimes, arson, home invasion

what is the definition of a forensic psychologist?

assessing offender’s state of minds and risks of re-offending. using the dsm. provide expert testimony in court.

there is no one type of subject, because each case contains:

incident variance, motivational variance, perpetrator variance

organized versus disorganized crime, name elements of each

organized elements: planned offense, personalizes victim, little evidence left behind

disorganized elements: victim unknown, sudden violence, body not moved, physical evidence

what is the rapist typology continuum based on (3 factors)?

degree of violence, degree of self confidence, risk of harm to the victim

who first coined the term serial killer?

robert ressler, who described these individuals as being obsessed with fantasies that are always going to remain unfulfilled, which leads them to commit the next crime.

what is the most accepted definition of a serial killer?

a person who murders 3 or more people, taking place over more than a month, with a significant period of time between them.