global health diseases

HIV

Retrovirus that destroys CD4 immune cells

Tuberculosis

Bacteria spread through airborne droplets; latent or active

Malaria

Parasite (Plasmodium) spread by Anopheles mosquitoes

Dengue

Mosquito-borne virus; "breakbone fever" (severe joint and muscle pain)

Diarrheal disease

Loose or liquid stools, more often; caused by enteric (gut) infections

Pneumonia

Air sacs in the lungs fill with fluid

Ectopic pregnancy

Fertilized egg implants outside the uterus (usually a fallopian tube)

Preeclampsia

High blood pressure + protein in urine late in pregnancy

Maternal sepsis

Body-wide inflammation from an infection during or after childbirth

Wasting

Low weight-for-height (sudden, acute undernutrition)

Stunting

Low height-for-age (long-term, chronic undernutrition)

Ischemic heart disease

Plaque narrows arteries; less blood flow to the HEART

Cerebrovascular disease

Less blood flow to the BRAIN; causes stroke

Type 1 diabetes

Body does NOT make enough insulin; usually starts in childhood

Type 2 diabetes

Body makes insulin but doesn't respond to it (insulin resistance); usually in adults