reading test 3

notion

idea, thought, concept, perception

implicit

unspoken, indirect, implied, #explicit

conceptualize

to form an idea or principle in your  mind

(**=**theorize, hypothesize) 

in sum

 in brief, in short, in summary 

give rise to

 to be the reason why something  happens, especially something bad or unpleasant

Scope

range, scale, extent

phenomenon

occurrence, happening, event

Attend to

 deal with, tackle

misleading

gây hiểu lầm

 correspondence

connection, association,  correlation\*\*.\*\*

extant

existent, present, existing, in existence,  #lost.

elucidate

explain, clarify, reveal, make clear,  interpret,

**cross-cultural**

multicultural,

**loosely**

freely, roughly, #firmly, #strictly.

**philosophy**

**=** idea, viewpoint**,** belief

**statesman**

**(plural: statesmen) =** an experienced  politician, especially one who is respected for making  good judgments.

**keep somebody in line**

keep under control,  govern, control

**chaos**

**=** disorder, confusion, mess #order 

**avail one’s self of smt**

**=**to make use of smt

**extent**

**=** level, range, degree, scope

**competency**

**=** capability, ability, skill, # inability

democracy

nền dân chủ

intersubstitutable

có thể thay thế cho nhau

 **presupposition**

tiền giả định

experimental

thực nghiệm

**pharmaceutical**

**=** medicinal, medical, therapeutic,

**compound**

= complex, mixture, mix,

**soothing**

**=** reducing, alleviating, lessening, easing

primate

linh trưởng

rub

xoa

**millipede**

**(milledepe) =** a long thin creature with a very  large number of legs

**deter**

**=** prevent, discourage, put off, #encourage

**noxious**

**=** toxic, lethal, harmful # harmless

intestinal

thuộc về ruột

**parasite**

**=** a plant or animal that lives on or in another plant  or animal and gets food from it

modification

sửa đổi

**promising**

**=** hopeful, shows potential, #disappointing

**hurdle**

**=** obstacle, difficulty, barrier, block.

**scratch the surface**

**=** to deal with only a very small part of  a subject or problem

**looming**

= threatening, alarming, frightening, scary, coming  up 

**resistance**

**=** refusing, refusal to accept, refusal to go along  with,

\# acceptance

**undisputed**

= unquestionable, undeniable, undoubted,  acknowledged

**niche**

**=** place, position, area**.**

**bewildering**

**=** confusing, baffling, puzzling perplexing,  mystifying, #clear

**an array of**

**=** a wild range of, a number of, many, various,  quite a lot

 **far and away**

**=** used to say that something is much better, worse etc than anything else

**potent**

**=** strong, powerful, effective,#weak 

**secrete**

**=** release, produce, ooze, #absorb.

**subsequent**

**=** following, successive, later

**encounter**

**=** meet, see, come across, run into, come upon, stumble upon, #avoided 

**rear**

**=** raise, nurture, look after, take care of

**captivity**

**=** cage, prison, custody, #freedom

**subdue**

**=** defeat, control

prey

con mồi

**exploit**

**=** use, utilize, make use of, take advantage of,  make the most of, #waste

**filthy**

**=**dirty, muddy, messy, grubby, #clean

**carcass**

dead body

**snip out** 

**=** extract, cut

**stretch**

**=** part, section, bit 

**pitfall**

**=** difficulty, trap

**precedent**

**=** something of the same type that has  happened or existed before 

**deprive of**

**=** take, remove, withdraw, take away, #provide

**sincerely**

**=** genuinely, truthfully, seriously,

seemingly

có vẻ

**for one’s own sake**

**=** in order to help or bring advantage  to someone

**shine a light**

**=** make it clear, brighten, give an explanation

**the recesses of**

= a secret or hidden place

**intense**

=strong, powerful, forceful, mãnh liệt

 **pretend**

giả vờ

**domain**

**=** area, field**.**

**indeed**

**=** actually, in reality, in fact

**instrumental**

**=** influential, contributory, helpful

**component**

**=** part, element, piece, factor, section, #whole

**expound**

**=** explain, develop, expand, give further details  about 

**give sb a leg up**

**=** to help someone to improve their  situation, especially at work 

**dichotomy**

= contrast, opposition #harmony

**regulate**

**=** control, adjust, set, standardise

negotiation

đàm phán

**repertoire**

**=** range, list, group, series 

**consensus**

= agreement, harmony, accord

**elude**

**=** escape,avoid

**range from**

**=** vary from, differ from

**discrete**

**=** separate, distinct, detached, isolated,  unconnected.

**criterion**

criteria (plural) = principle, norm, standard,  measure, condition. 

**capture**

= catch, seize, get, acquire, obtain.

essence

bản chất

spontaneously

vô tình

**mastery**

**=** proficiency, knowledge, ability

**intrinsic**

= natural, innate, genuine, fundamental, basic,  inherent 

continuum

sự liên tục

**extrinsically**

**=** coming from outside or not directly  relating to something 

**oriented**

**=** directed towards or interested in something

**literal**

**=** factual, truthful, honest

 **make-believe**

giả tạo

**dimension**

**=** aspect, element, facet, feature,

**hybrid**

= cross, mixture, mix, fusion.

optimal

tối ưu

**robust**

**=** healthy, vigorous, strong, forceful, #weak

**facilitate**

**aid, assist, accelerate, make easy**

 **somewhat**

**=** partly, slightly, to some extent