Lab 2: cytology

function of nucleus

store and manage DNA

function of nuclear membrane

protects DNA

function of chromatin and chromosomes

DNA replication, repair, and packaging; gene regulation

function of nucleolus

synthesize rRNA

function of cell membrane

barrier for the cell

function of cytosol

surrounds the organelles; site of metabolism

function of ribosomes

synthesize proteins

function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

syntheizes essential lipids, processes tonixs, regulates calcium ions

function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

synthesize, fold, and quality check proteins

function of golgi apparatus

modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for storage or transport

function of lysosomes

digestive and waste recycling system

function of peroxisomes

break down fatty acids and neutralize toxins

function of mitochondria

ATP synthesis

function of centrioles

organize microtubules for cell division and movement

function of microtubules

structural support, intracellular transport, separate chromosomes

function of microfilaments

structural support and cellular movement

function of vesicle

transport, store, and manage molecules and waste

function of microvilli

increase surface area of cell membranes

function of cilia

move substances across cell surface

function of flagella

drive cellular locomotion

phases of mitosis in order

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinsesis

what happens during interphase?

cell grows larger, copies DNA, and builds parts needed to divide

what happens during prophase?

chromatin condese into chromosomes, nuclear envelope breaks down, mitotic spindle forms

what happens during metaphase?

chromosomes align in the center of the cell

what happens during anaphase?

chromosomes split, chromatids are pulled to opposite poles, centromeres split

what happens during telophase/cytokinesis?

two nuclei form around each set of separated chromosomes