Work and study

sections 1,2,5,6,7

cram

study in a very concentrated way for a short time

genuis

an exceptionally clever person

revise

do some revision

past papers

exam papers from previous years

memorise

learn off by heart

rote-learning

Learning purely by repetition

mnemonics

tricks that help you remember something

bury yourself in your books

spend the maximum time studying

intensively

in a very focused way

know the subject inside out

know it completely

composition

about 50-100 words often school work

essay

more serious, hundreds r thousands of words

assignment

long essay, part of a course, thousands of words

project

like assignment but emphasis on students own material and topic

portfolio

collection of individual pieces of work, also creative pieces like drawings

dissertation

long, research-based work, 10-15,000 words for degree or diploma

thesis

very long, original, research-based work for higher degree

mind map

diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another

first draft

first, rough version

plagiarism

using other peoples work as if it was yours

acknowledge

give details of

deadline

date by which you must hand in the work

submitted

handed in

assessed

evaluated and give a grade

feedback

comments from teacher/tutor

carry out research

less formal is do research

academic journals

magazines with academic articles

access it online

get hold of it on the internet

inter-library loan

system where libraries book/journals with one another

Open educational resources

online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere

dop out

leave the course before the end

finals

last exams before the end of a course

well-qualified

with the right formals qualifications

equality of opportunity

when everyone has the same chances

selective

pupils are chosen for entry, usually for academic reasons, though, in the case of some private schools, parents’ 3 ability to pay school fees may be a factor in selection

comprehensive schooling

everyone enters without exams and education is free

elitism

when you favour a small, privileged group

inherent in

existing as a basic part of something

league tables

lists of schools or colleges, from the best down to the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes, other criteria

perpetuate

make something continue

two-tier-system

a system with two separate levels, one of which is better Tham the other

perceives

sees, considers

better-off

richer

well-endowed

receiving a lot of money in grants,…

depressing

reducing

less well-off

poorer

excel

achieve an excellent standard

bursaries

scholarship

tertiary

education at university level

student loans

money that students can borrow from a bank while studying and then pay back once they are in work

undergraduates

students doing a first degree

postgraduates

students doing a further degree

tuition fees

money paid for receiving teaching

the three Rs

reading, writing, arthimetic

literacy

the ability to read

numeracy

the ability to count and do basic math

curriculum reform

changes to what is covered in the national syllabus

syllabus

plan of what is to be studied

lifelong/ continuing education

education for all ages

mature students

adult students older than the average student

special needs education

education for children who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have some disability

one-to-one

one teacher and one pupil

bullying

threatening behaivour

guidelines

official advice on how something should be done

distraction

takes attention away

opposite number

has the same position

working relationship

way of communicating and working togetherc

collaboration

working together to achieve shared goals

counterpart

more formal equivalent of opposite number

rapport

communication/relationship

take the initiative

make decisions without being told what to do

hierarchical

has a structure with important and less important people

pecking order

a system where some people have the right to get benefits/promotions before others

job-share

an agreement where two people each share the same job

hot-desking

a policy of sharing desks in an office

workmates

colleagues you are friendly with

talk shop

talk about work

mundane

ordinary

meet a deadline

have something finished by a fixed day or time

rewarding

making you feel satisfied that you ave done something important

stimulating

encouraging new ideas

workload

amount of work I have to do

mechanical

you don’t have to think about what you are doing

repetitive

the same thing is repeated every day

knocking off

finishing work

monotonous

boring because it never changes

satisfying

makes me feel pleased

challenging

that tests my ability or determination

glamorous

very exciting, which everyone admires

anti-social

do not enable one to have a normal social life

stuck behind a desk

sitting at a desk all day

mind-numbing

extremely boring

tight schedules

very strict or severely limited timetables

stuck in a rut

trapped in a job they can’t escape from

dead-end

with no prospects of promotion

technician

person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment

went in with

formed a business partnership with

start-up

a small business that has just started

freelance

he works for several different companies as and when they need work done

programmer

someone who writes computer programs