Genetics & Heredity

who is the father of genetics

Gregor Mendel

What was Gregor Mendel’s Pea Plant experiment.

He tried to figure out how genetics are passed between parents to their offspring, using short and tall pea plants to see what trait the pea plant would get.

How did Mendel control which plants were fertilized

he pollenated them by hand.

Write a genotype for a homozygous Dominant D genotype

DD

Write a genotype for a homozygous Recessive R.

rr

Write a genotype for a heterozygous Dominant D

Dd

What is a synonym for hybrid

heterozygous

write a hybrid genotype with R

Rr

What is a synonym for true breeding or purebred.

homozygous

Write a dominant purebred genotype for R

RR

Write a recessive pure bred genotype for R

rr

what is the definition of allele

one or more forms of a gene

what is the principle of dominance

some alleles are dominant, some are recessive

definition for genotype

genetic makeup of an organism

definition for phenotype

physically appearance

what is the principle of independent assortment

genes for traits separate

definition for homozygous

identical alleles

definition for heterozygous

different alleles

what does mitosis produce

produces body cells and diploid cells

what does meiosis produce

produces sex cells and haploid cells

what is incomplete dominance

blending of traits

what is codominance

both alleles are dominant.

What is the genotype for a cross between a heterozygous dominant purple (P) plant and a recessive white (p) plant?

Pp and pp

What is the phenotype percentage for a cross between a heterozygous dominant purple (P) plant and a recessive white (p) plant?

50% purple and 50% white

what does meiosis produce?

gametes

what are gametes

egg or sperm

how many chromosomes do a human have

23

if the haploid number is ten, than what is the diploid number

20

what is the major different between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis creates 2 identical nuclei whereas meiosis creates 4 nuclei with half the original nuclei.

what crosses over during meiosis

chromosomes

why are chromosomes crossing over important

it creates genetic diversity

how many squares are in a dihbyrid cross table?

16

how many phenotypes can be in a dihybrid cross

4

Coat color in mice is incompletely dominant.  Yellow (Y) and white (y)-colored mice are homozygous, while cream(Yy)-colored mice are heterozygous.  If two cream-colored mice mate, what phenotypic ratio can we expect of their offspring

25% Yellow, 25% White 50% Cream

What is the genotype for black chickens when the allele for black is B and the allele for white is W but black and white is BW

BB

What is the genotype for white chickens when the allele for black is B and the allele for white is W but black and white is BW

WW

What would happen when 2 black and white spotted chickens (BW) were cross? What is the probability in percentage of black, white and black and white chickens?

black chickens is 25%, white chickens is 25%, black and white chickens is 50%