Punctuation rules year 9 ENGLISH

Punctuation rule 1 - Apostrophe contractions

Apostrophes used for contractions- use an apostrophe to replace missing letters. Example: Do not = don´ t.

Punctuation rule 2 - Apostrophe singular possession

Apostrophe for singular possession - add ´´ s´ to a singular noun to show that it owns something. Example: The teacher´ s desk was covered in papers.

Punctuation rule 3 - Apostrophe plural possession

Apostrophe for plural possession - if a word ends in ¨ s ¨, just add the apostrophe after the s. Example: Both of my brothers´ rooms are messy.

Punctuation rule 4 - Apostrophe irregular plurals

Irregular plurals - words like ¨ men ¨ or ¨ children ¨ don´t end in ¨ s ¨ in their plural form, so they need a ´ s. Example: The children´s toys were left in the park.

Punctuation rule 5 - Apostrophe joint ownership

Apostrophe for joint ownership - if two people own one thing, only the last person gets the apostrophe. Example: Tim and Jane´s house is blue. But if Tim and Jane both have blue houses then Tim´s and Jane´s houses are blue.

Punctuation rule 6 - Apostrophe whose and who´s

Whose vs who´s - Who´s means who is and whose shows ownership. Example: Whose phone is ringing in the hallway?

What is an apostrophe only used for?

possessions or contractions.

Punctuation rule 7 - Apostrophe contraction overload

Contraction overload - Don´t confuse could´ve with could of. Example: I should´ve gone to the store yesterday.

Punctuation rule 8 - comma lists

The list rule - use commas to separate three or more items in a list. Example: 4 things I would bring to a deserted island are a boat, a torch, some food, and fresh water.

Punctuation rule 9 - comma introductory phrases

Introductory phrases - use a comma after a phrase that starts a sentence. Example: After the game, we went out for pizza.

Punctuation rule 10 - comma interrupters

Interrupters - use a comma to set off words that interrupt the flow. Example: The pizza, however, was cold by the time it arrived.

Punctuation rule 11 - comma renaming noun

Renaming noun - use commas to set off a noun that renames another noun. Example: Mr. Smith, my science teacher, loves coffee.