Bone Basics

Skeleton

Made out of both bone & cartilage

Bone

206 in adults skeleton; type of connective tissue

Bone matrix

Osteoid

Axial skeleton

Bones on or near the midline

Axial skeleton examples

Skull, vertebral column, ribcage

Appendicular skeleton

Bones away from the midline; limbs and bones that attach limbs to the trunk

Appendicular skeleton examples

All parts of arms and legs, shoulder bones, hip bones

Hypophosphatasia

condition that causes thin fragile bones

Function of bone

Support, protection, anchorage, mineral storage, blood cell formation, fat storage, hormone production

Support

Bones provide framework that supports the body

Protection

Skull: brain; vertebrae: spinal cord; ribcage: heart, lungs

Anchorage

Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, using bones as never to move the body

Mineral storage

Bones are reservoirs for calcium & phosphate; bones release these minerals into the bloodstream as needed

Blood cell formation

Hematopoiesis (blood cell production) occurs in the red marrow

Fat storage

Stored in the yellow marrow inside long bones

Hormone production

Bones produce osteocalcin, a hormone that helps with many body processes

Types of bone

Irregular, short, long, flat, sesamoid

Irregular bones

Vertebrae

Long bones

Femur, finger bones

Flat bones

Sternum, ribs

Short bones

Wrist & ankle bones

Sesamoid bones

From within a tendon; patellae