last min review for fam med EORE

transudative effusion causes

1. HF

2. cirrhosis

3. nephrotic syndrome

4. pulm embolism

exudative pleural effusion causes

1. malignancy

2. infection

3. pancreatitis

4. esophageal rupture

myasthenia gravis sx are improved by _

cooling

bactrim results in elevation of what electrolytes?

potassium

creatinine

what meds cause hypokalemia

furosemide

HCTZ

insulin

if you suspect neisseria meningitidis (young pt), after you got the IV line, drew blood, electrolytes, and gave fluids, what is the immediate next thing to do?

administer IV ceftriaxone

(lumbar puncutre is only done once they are fully stabilized)

what must you monitor if a pt is on Clozapine?

absolute neutrophil count and WBC d/t agranulocytosis

how does ACEI cause increase creatinine?

DEC glomerular blood flow (if renal rerfusion already sucks)

the oral polio vaccine causes paralytic dz in what pop

immune-def individuals

hypersegmented neutrophils are seen in what vitamin deficiency?

B12

(also loss of papilla/glossitis)

When to give antibiotics to a patient with neutropenia?

single oral temperature measurement of 101°F (38.3°C)

OR 1 oral temps of 100.4 in 1 hour

epididymitis

unilateral scrotal pain and swelling

may see DEC blood on U/S

cause: chlamydia and gonorrhea

no need to do urethral swab or gram stain (that’s for urethritis)

anemia of chronic disease tx*

SC darbepoetin

interstitial cystitis dx

postvoid residual

tx = amitriptyline

An 18-year-old man is brought to the ED with confusion and decreased mental status. Which of the following is most appropriate to give empirically?

probably hypoglycemia or wernicke encephalopathy → thiamine and dextrose

Lisfranc injury

Fracture-dislocation of the tarsometatarsal joints

pain with forefoot rotation against a stabilized hindfoot

first step after suspecting placenta previa

U/S

ADULT with Radiographs of the elbow show an anterior and posterior fat pad but no obvious fracture or dislocation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

radial head fracture (sail sign)

supracondylar fracture

child with posterior and posterior fat pad

(adults dont get this)

most common type of nephrotic syndrome in children and seen in adults with hodkins?

Minimal change disease

most common nephrotic syndrome in adults

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

crescent moon-shaped glomeruli and is associated with a rapid decrease in GFR. Goodpasture syndrome is associated with this pathology

Renal cell carcinoma

flakn pain

hematuria

palpable kidney mass

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension findings

increased intracranial pressure

normal cerebrospinal fluid composition

idiopathic intracranial HTN causes

growth hormone,

tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline),

isotretinoin

excessive amounts of vitamin A

fibrocystic breast disease first-line diagnostic imaging

young: U/S

old: mammogram

a man with metabolic acidosis after throwing up drinking a ton of alc should be given

thiamine

normal saline

glucose

(NOT LR bc lactate can make acidosis worse)

first line for acute urticaria

2nd-gen antihistamines (fexofenadine, levocetirizine, desloratadine, loratidine, cetirizine)

1st gen antihistamines

1. bromopheniramine

2. chlorpheniramine

3. clemastine

4. hydroxyzine

Which of the following diagnostic studies has the highest sensitivity to evaluate for acute radiculopathy? (ie herniated disc)

MRI

EMG is looking at electrical activty from muscles, myelography is good but not as good as MRI

hypokalemia EKG finding

U waves

flat T waves

prolonged QT interval

osborn waves is seen in

hypothermia

Community-acquired pneumonia outpatient >65 yo with COPD (comorbidities) tx

augmentin + azithromycin

if <65 and no comorbidities → amoxicillin and augmentin

vitiligo dx imaging

wood lamp

restless leg syndrome tx

gabapentin/pregabalin

Chickenpox rash

lesions appears over days

multiple stages present at once

(dewdrops on a rose petal)

Vesiculobullous hand eczema, or dyshidrosis tx and education

TOP steroid

avoid water

cause of scarlet fever

group a strep (strep pygogenes)

“gritty” rash with white exudates, posterior cervical lymph nodes, rash spares palms and soles

traditional treatment of active tuberculosis disease

2 months of intensive phase (typically isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) followed by 4 months of continuation phase (typically isoniazid and rifampin)

may have varied appearance on x ray

Which of the following conditions should prompt administration of the meningococcal vaccine before the standard age of 11 years?

sickle cell anemia

HIV

-umab usage

travel/residence to endemic countries

if DXA score is -3 or bigger, what drug should you use instead of bisphosphonates?

teriparatide (PTH analog)

#1 sign of OE

bulging TM

Which of the following is most likely to be seen on the physical exam of a patient with hypothyroidism?

delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflexes

( hair thinning, periorbital edema, hypertension, weight gain, and shortness of breath)

lid lag is seen in

hyperthyroidism

COPD - oxygen or smoking cessation is more helpful long term?

smoking cessation

pes anserinus pain syndrome

pain in the medial knee

sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles

when suspecting hyperthyroidism, what is a finding you might see?

bruit

enlarged thyroid

Chancroid

painful genital ulcer with gray or yellow exudate

h ducreyi

anticonvulsant medications prevents seizures by blocking neuronal sodium channels to prolong the refractory period and inhibit action potential propagation

carbamazepine

used for trigeminal neuralgia

diazepam

blocks GABA

ethosuximide blocks

calcium channels

Which of the following indices reported in a standard CBC most helps to differentiate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia?

RBC distribution width

(iron def = mixed size, thalassemia is all small)

gillian-barres syndrome tx

IVIG

plasmapheresis

cholera #1 tx*

doxycycline

(rice water stools)

Which of the following tick-borne illnesses is most associated with skin ulcers and lymphadenopathy?

tularemia

cause: Francisella tularensis

assoc with ulceroglandular disease

CSF of viral meningitis

WBC 425

glucose 75 (low)

protein 90 (high)

bacterial meningitis

WBCs > 1,000 cells/µL with low glucose and elevated protein

bacterial prostatis - what labs do you want to get?

urine bacteria count

WBC count

what is the cause of peritonsillar abscess

group A strep

potassium hydroxide wet preparation of a sample is performed. Which of the following secretion qualities does this test evaluate?

odor (whiff test)

cellulitis tx*

cephalexin ORAL

kaposi sarcoma

Etiology: HHV-8 (Human Herpesvirus 8), classically in HIV/AIDS < 200).

Lesions: Painless, violaceous/purplish macules, papules, or plaques on skin or mucous membranes.

Diagnosis: Punch biopsy showing vascular proliferation with spindle cells.

meniere’s disease tx

meclizine

benzos

acute vs maintennace crohns

a: steroid

m: biologics (-umab)

gastroparesis

Longstanding Diabetic. Nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness

gold standard: Gastric emptying study (scintigraphy) showing delayed retention at 2 and 4 hours.

Most common inherited thrombophilia causing recurrent DVTs/PEs in young patients

factor V leiden

agoraphobia

Marked fear/anxiety abou situations where escape might be difficult (public transport, open spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in line, being outside home alone) lasting 6 months