Untitled

First World War

A global conflict from 1914 to 1918 that led to increased defense expenditure in India and severe hardships for the common population.

Satyagraha

A non-violent form of protest emphasizing truth and the power of non-violent resistance against injustice.

Rowlatt Act

A 1919 law giving the colonial government powers to repress political dissent and detain political prisoners without trial.

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

The April 13, 1919 incident where General Dyer ordered fire on a peaceful crowd in Amritsar, causing hundreds of deaths.

Khilafat Movement

A movement initiated by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in 1919 to defend the Ottoman Empire and unite Hindu and Muslim communities.

Non-Cooperation Movement

A mass protest led by Gandhi from 1920 to 1922 against British rule, advocating for the boycott of British institutions and goods.

Awadh Peasant Movement

A movement led by Baba Ramchandra against oppressive landlords in the Awadh region demanding lower rents and the end of forced labor.

Simon Commission

A 1928 commission to review India's constitutional structure, which was met with widespread protests due to the absence of Indian members.

Salt March

A significant march led by Gandhi in 1930 to protest British salt laws, symbolizing the struggle for Indian independence.

Purna Swaraj

The demand for complete independence from British rule formalized at the Lahore Congress session in 1929.

Poona Pact

An agreement between Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhi in 1932 that provided reserved seats for the Depressed Classes in legislative councils.

Bharat Mata

The personification of India as a mother figure, represented in art and literature as a symbol of nationalism.

Swaraj

The notion of self-rule or independence, widely propagated during the Indian independence movement.

Civil Disobedience Movement

A campaign initiated by Gandhi against British laws to promote non-violent resistance and encourage Indians to defy unjust policies.

Independence Day

The day marking the end of British rule in India, celebrated on August 15, 1947.