KINES 227 exam 1

What nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?

CN 7

Occipitalfrontalis (frontal belly) action

elevate eyebrows and wrinkle scalp

Occipitalfrontalis (occipital belly) action

retracts scalp

Occipitalfrontalis (epicranial aponeurosis) action

connects the two muscle bellies

Procerus action

depresses medial eyebrow and wrinkles skin over nose

Nasalis action

compresses the bridge, depresses the tip of the nose, and elevates corners of the nostrils

Corrugator supercilii action

pulls eyebrows inferiorly and medially (vertical wrinkles above the nose)

Orbicularis oculi action

closes eyelids

levator palpebrae superioris action

elevates superior eyelid

What nerve integrates the levator palpebraa superioris

CN 3

What muscle is not integrated by CN 7

levator palpebrae superioris

Auricularis

Muscles of the ear (anterior, superior, posterior)

Auricularis action

draws the ears in the direction of the muscle

Buccinator action

compresses the cheek (fish face), hold food between teeth when chewing

Orbicularis oris action

closes (purses and protrudes) lips

Risorius action

tenses lip like RBF (draws corner of lip laterally and down)

Mentalis action

elevates and wrinkles skin of chin

Depressor anguli oris action

draws corner of the mouth inferiorly and laterally (frown)

Depressor labii inferioris action

Depresses lower lip

Levator anguli oris action

pulls the corners of the mouth up

Levator labii superioris action

Opens lips, elevated and furrows the upper lip

Levator labii superioris alaeque ansi

elevates upper lip and dilates nostrils

Zygomaticus major action

raises lateral corners of the mouth (smiling)

Zygomaticus minor action

raises lateral corners of the mouth (smiling)

Platysma action

Tenses skin of inferior face and neck, depresses jaw

TMJ

Temporomandibular joint

What kind of joint is the TMJ

Hinge joint

What nerve integrates the muscles of mastication

CN 5

Temporalis action

elevates and retracts mandible

Masseter action

elevates and protracts mandible

Lateral and medial pterygoids action

protract and move the mandible from side to side

What are the muscles of mastication

Temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids

Sternocleidomastoid bilateral action

flexes neck

Sternocleidomastoid unilateral action

lateral flexion, rotation of the head to the other side

Sternocleidomastoid origin and insertion

origin is sternum/clavicle and insertion is mastoid process

What nerve integrates the sternocleidomastoid

CN 11

Deep lateral neck muscles actions

elevates 1st and 2nd ribs (forced inhalation), flexion of the neck, and ipsilateral rotation of the head

Deep posterior neck muscles

semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, and longissimus capitis

Action of deep posterior neck muscles

ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral extension

Suprahyoid muscles action

elevate the hyoid bone during swallowing or speaking

Infrahyoid muscles action

Contract as swallowing ends to influence hyoid and the larynx position

Deep lateral neck muscles

Anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles

Origin and insertion of deep lateral neck muscles

Origin is transverse process of cervical vertebrae and insertion is 1st and 2nd ribs

Insertion of suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

hyoid bone

5 regions of the vertebral column

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

How many vertebrae are in each region of the column

Cervial: 7

Thoracic: 12

Lumbar: 5

Sacrum: 5 (fused)

Coccyx: 3-5 (fused)

Primary curvatures

thoracic region and sacral region

Secondary curvatures

cervical region and lumbar region

Spinous process

sharp bump pointing pointing posteriorly

Transverse process

two side projections that point laterally for muscle attachment

Superior and inferior articular facets and processes

Smooth surfaces that form joints with the vertebra above and below

Vertebral foramen

Large central hole that spinal cord goes through

Intervertebral foramen

opening between adjacent vertebrae that allows spinal nerves and blood vessels to pass through

Herniated disc

compression of the spinal nerve

How do discs usually herniate

posterolateral

Location of manubrium on sternum

superior

Location of xiphoid process on sternum

inferior

What are true ribs

Ribs with direct articulation with the sternum (1-7)

What are false ribs

Have indirect sternal articulation (ribs 8-10) or floating ribs that don’t articulate with the sternum (ribs 1-12)

External oblique unilateral action

lateral flexion and rotates body to other side

External and internal oblique bilateral action

flexion of the vertebral column and compression of the abdominal wall

Internal oblique unilateral action

lateral flexion and rotation of the body to the same side

Rectus abdominis action

flexion of the vertebral column and compression of the abdominal wall

Transverse abdominis action

compression of the abdominal wall

3 groups of erector spinae muscles

illocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

Bilateral actions of erector spinae muscles

extension of the vertebral column

Unilateral actions of erector spinae muscles (not spinalis)

lateral flexion of vertebral column

Quadratus lumborum bilateral action

stabilization of the vertebral column

Quadratus lumborum unilateral action

lateral flexion of vertebral column

What are the three layers of the pelvic floor

pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm, and superficial perineal layer

What muscles acts on external genitalia

bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus

What muscle is involved in fecal continence

external anal sphincter

What muscle is involved in urinary continence

external urethral sphincter

What nerve integrates the muscles of the pelvic floor

SN 2-4

What muscle is not integrated by SN 2-4

Coccygeus (SN 4-5)