Exam 2 - water soluble basic info and Vitamin C

what is the acronym for remembering the water soluble vitamins

TRN Past Palmer on Brady For Coffee

thiamin (B1)

riboflavin (B2)

Niacin (B3)

Pantothenic Acid (B5)

Pyridoxal phosphate (B6)

Biotin (B7)

Folate (B9)

Cobalamin (B12)

how are most water soluble vitamins absorbed? which one uses a different method and what is the method?

facilitated diffusion

B12 uses receptor mediated endocytosis and passive diffusion

because water soluble vitamins use facilitated diffusion for absorption, this means they require carrier protein. What affect can this have on absorption rates?

they can decrease due to saturation of the carrier proteins. Only so many carry proteins are made

what is the alternative name for vitamin C?

ascorbic acid

is vitamin c essential for all mammals?

no

humans, primates, fruit bats, guinea pigs, few birds

what is the reduced form of Vitamin c

ascorbic acid

what is the oxidized form of vitamin c

dehydroascorbic acid

what is the main function of vitamin c

act as an antioxidant to regenerate vitamin E

in its coenzyme form, vitamin C is important for ____ synthesis and ____ of proline and lysine. It is also required for absorption of ___

collagen, hydroxylation, nonheme iron

vitamin C can also be used for redox purposes by acting on iron and copper to keep them in a ___ state

reduced

to convert proline and lysine to hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, what is the vitamin and cofactor that is requried

vitamin C

iron

too much vitamin C can have the opposite effect of working like an antioxidant. This is called pro-______. In this state, vitamin C generates ROS and free radicals

oxidant

what are the requirements for Vitamin C in males, females, and smokers

males: 90 mg

female: 75mg

Smokers: additional 35 mg

what population of people require more vitamin c? why?

smokers

they produce a lot of free radicals

what are some good sources of vitamin c

citrus, bell peppers, broccoli

describe the relationship between vitamin c dosage and absorption rates

higher dose results in decreased absorption

what are the two routes of administration for vitamin c

oral and IV

what can cause vitamin C to be unstable

oxygen, heat, basic pH, cooking in water, freezing

what condition results from Vitamin C deficiency

scurvy

what are some s/s of scurvy

bruising, pinpoint hemorrhages, bone fracture, poor healing, bleeding gums, tooth loss, corkscrew hair

what are the 4 H's of scurvy

hemorrhagic signs

hyperkeratosis of hair follicles

hypochondriasis

hematologic

toxicity of vitamin c can lead to what

osmotic diarrhea from LI fermentation

what are some populations that should not receive high dosage of vitamin c

those with kidney disease and impaired iron metabolism

increased risk for kidney stones due to vitamin c increasing absorption of oxalate

vitamin c helps with nonheme iron absorption = iron toxicity can occur