Emergency Care Unit 2

factors to consider when moving an injured athlete

can they be moved without harm to him/her or the AT, size of athlete and AT, scene safety

one person moves

shoulder drag, clothes drag, blanket drag, sheet drag, ankle drag, piggyback carry, packstrap carry, cradle carry, fireman’s carry, walking assist

two or more people moves

2 handed seat carry, square seat carry, hammock carry, 2 person extremity lift, 2 person chair lift, 3 person flat lift and carry, logroll

crutch fitting

crutch 6 inches in front and 2 inches to the side, underarm brace 1 inch below axilla, elbows bent 30 degrees

cane fitting

floor to superior aspect of greater trochanter

tripod ambulation

uses crutches, weight on unaffected leg, crutches move 12-18 inches in front of body, lean forward and place foot slightly in front of crutches

four point ambulation

athlete on both feet, weight supported by crutches, one crutch forward with opposite foot

cane walking

cane on uninjured side, cane moves forward with injured leg

moving up/down stairs

up with the good, down with the bad

BBPs

any pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans

OPIMs

other bodily fluids or tissues that have been infected with pathogens

HBV

cantagious liver disease, direct or indirect transmission, vaccination available

HCV

contagious liver disease, direct transmission through large or repeated percutaneous exposures to infected blood, most common blood-borne disease in the US

HIV

causes AID’s, destroys infection fighting white blood cells, cannot live for long outside the body, transmission through sex with infected person, sharing needles/syringes with infected person, being exposed before/during birth or through breastfeeding, exposure to infected blood

direct transmission

infected blood of body fluids enters another person’s body at the entry site

indirect transmission

individual touches an object that contains blood or bodily fluids from an infected person

airborne transmission

individual inhales infected droplets that have become airborne

vector transmission

infected transmission through animals

exposure control plan

limits occupational exposure to BBPs and OPIMs, copy must be accessible to employees and reviewed anually

necessary components of exposure control plan

exposure determination, schedule and methods of implementation of OSHA, procedure for evaluation of circumstances surrounding exposure incidents as required by OSHA, record keeping

methods of compliance with OSHA standards

use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (personal hygiene), engineering and work practice controls, PPE, equipment cleaning and disinfecting

PPE

doesn’t permit blood or OPIMs to pass through, most common in AT are gloves, breathing devices, and eyewear

initial assessment

complete in first 15 secs of arrival, determines if life threating conditions or problems are present

steps of initial assessment

overview of injury, determine athlete’s mental status, assess ABC’s

overview of injury

can be completed while approaching the scene, look for any signs of MOI, body position/deformity, environmental conditions

AVPU

alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive

ABCs

airway, breathing, circulation; if talking and alert ABCs are present

airway

determine if airway is blocked, struggling to breathe, drooling, use head tilt chin life or jaw thrust maneuvers to open airway

breathing

look, listen, and feel

circulation

check carotid artery at neck for 5-10 seconds, check skin color and temp, control external bleeding, gather baseline vitals, assess pupil reaction and cap refill

DCAP-BTLS

deformity, contusion, abrasion, puncture, burn, tenderness, laceration, swelling

OPQRST

onset, provoction, quality, radiation/region/relief, severity, time

SAMPLE

signs/symptoms, allergies, medications, past medical history, last oral intake, events

rhythm

evenness of pulse

regular pulse rhythm

rapid or slow with constant interval

irregular pulse rhythm

unsteady or uneven beats, atrial fibrillation (rapid irregular twitching of heart muscle)

strength

force of blood in artery

bounding

strong/forceful

weak/thready

difficult to detect

rapid and strong pulse

early stages of shock, overexertion, anxiety/fear, heat illness, hyperglycemia, fever

rapid and weak

internal bleeding, later stage shock, heat illness, hypoglycemia, failing circulatory system

slow and strong

stroke, skull fracture, brain trauma