Genetics and Inheritance

Flashcards focused on key genetic terms and concepts based on the lecture notes regarding inheritance patterns and genetic analysis.

True Breeding

Organisms that consistently produce offspring of the same phenotype when self-fertilized.

Phenotype

The observable traits of an organism resulting from its genotype.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an organism.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

A principle that describes the genetic variation of a population that remains constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Dominant Allele

An allele that expresses its phenotype in the presence of another allele.

Recessive Allele

An allele that only expresses its phenotype when two copies are present.

Chi-Square Test

A statistical test to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected and observed data.

Meiosis

The type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of four gametes, each genetically different from the parent cell.

Z Chromosome

One of the sex chromosomes in certain species, including fish, involved in sex determination.

Environmental Temperature Influence

The effect of temperature on the expression of genetic traits, particularly in sex determination.

Autosomal Dominant

A mode of inheritance in which only one copy of a mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Proteins

Large biomolecules made up of amino acids that perform a variety of functions in the body.

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

Crossover

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during gamete formation.

Fetal Hemoglobin

A form of hemoglobin produced by the fetus that binds oxygen more tightly than adult hemoglobin.

Alpha-Globin

The subunits of hemoglobin encoded by the HBA1 gene.

Beta-Globin

The subunits of hemoglobin encoded by the HBB gene.

Genetic Disorder

A hereditary condition caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes.