Baptist History and Distinctives Quiz 4

Diocletian

attempted to strengthen the empire by uniting around the imperial cult(emperor worship) and persecuting Christians

AD 312 Battle of Milvian Bridge

establishes Constantine’s claim to being Caesar

AD 313

Constantine issues the Edict of Milan

• Legalized Christianity

• Returned church property confiscated under Diocletian

• Constantine soon took on a role in defining two important Chrisitan controversies: Donatism  and Arianism

Dontatus Magnus

was the leading bishop who opposed specifically bishops who had recanted

Arius

a popular preacher influenced by gnostic philosophy

Athanasius

primary opponent to Arius

The Nicene Creed

We believe in one God, the Father almighty,

Maker of all things visible and invisible;

And in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Son of God,

Begotten from the Father, only-begotten,

That is, from the substance of the Father,

God from God, light from light

True God from true God, begotten not made,

Of one substance with the Father,

Through Whom all things came into being,

Things in heaven and things on earth,

Who because of us men and because of our salvation came down,

And became incarnate and became man, and suffered,

and rose against on the third day, and ascended to the heavens,

and will come to judge the living and dead,

And in the Holy Spirit

But as for those who say, There was when He was not,

And, Before benig born He was not,

And tht He came into existence out of nothing,

Or who assert that the Son of God is of a different hypostatic . .

Significance of Council of Nicaea

The biblical, orthodox doctrine of the Trinity was clearly and strongly articulated and defended

Church councils become a thing, and not must be enforced

Who called the council?

Athanasius of Alexandria

Known as the “Father of Orthodoxy"

Augustine of Hippo (354-430)

Most influential Christian other than paul

Manichaeism

but tried to combine elements of Babylonian mythology, Greek philosophy, Buddhism, and Judaism and Christian elements.

founded by Mani- an iranian prophet

Original Sin

Adam’s sin is imputed to all men; our nature is sinful from birth

Sacramental Theology

Baptismal regeneration + original sin = infant baptism

Church Authority

Institutional church as a role to play in society and must be preserved at all cost

“You are the opinion that no one should be compelled to follow righteousness; and yet you read that the household said this servants, ‘Whomsoever ye shall find, compel them to come in.’”

Augustine’s Major Works

confessions, city of God

Ambros of Milan (339-397)

Born into a Christian home of politicians

As a young man studied rhetoric and philosophy and entered public service

Was thrust into being bishop before he had even been baptized

Modeled a moral, humble, and gracious testimony

Also continued the growing ties between church and state

John Chrysostom (347-407)

Also received training in rhetoric and law, and began practicing as a lawyer

Grew to take Christianity and theology more seriously

Ascetic

Becomes one the most popular preachers of his day

Developed consistent, exegetical, practical sermons rather than the popular allegorical preaching of his day

Very practical preaching

Jerome (347-420)

Translated the Latin Vulgate