Axial Muscles: Head, Neck, & Respiratory Muscles

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Last updated 2:54 AM on 10/7/26
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7 Terms

1
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Masseter

  • O: Zygomatic bone

  • I: Mandible

  • A: Elevates mandible

  • Visual: Thick muscle on the side of the jaw


<ul><li><p><strong>O:</strong> Zygomatic bone</p></li><li><p><strong>I:</strong> Mandible</p></li><li><p><strong>A:</strong> Elevates mandible</p></li><li><p><strong>Visual:</strong> Thick muscle on the side of the jaw</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Temporalis

  • O: Temporal bone

  • I: Mandible

  • A: Elevates mandible

  • Visual: Large fan-shaped muscle on the side of the skull


<ul><li><p><strong>O:</strong> Temporal bone</p></li><li><p><strong>I:</strong> Mandible</p></li><li><p><strong>A:</strong> Elevates mandible</p></li><li><p><strong>Visual:</strong> Large <strong>fan-shaped</strong> muscle on the side of the skull</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Splenius Capitis

  • O: Vertebrae

  • I: Occipital bone (your list also allows temporal)

  • A: Extends neck when both sides contract

  • Visual: Posterior neck muscle running upward toward the skull


<ul><li><p><strong>O:</strong> Vertebrae</p></li><li><p><strong>I:</strong> Occipital bone <em>(your list also allows temporal)</em></p></li><li><p><strong>A:</strong> Extends neck when both sides contract</p></li><li><p><strong>Visual:</strong> Posterior neck muscle running upward toward the skull</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Sternocleidomastoid

  • O: Sternum (your list also allows clavicle)

  • I: Temporal bone

  • A: Flexes neck when both sides contract

  • Visual: Large diagonal strap-like muscle on the anterior/lateral neck


<ul><li><p><strong>O:</strong> Sternum <em>(your list also allows clavicle)</em></p></li><li><p><strong>I:</strong> Temporal bone</p></li><li><p><strong>A:</strong> Flexes neck when both sides contract</p></li><li><p><strong>Visual:</strong> Large diagonal strap-like muscle on the anterior/lateral neck</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Diaphragm

O: Sternum
I: Central tendon
A: Expands thoracic cavity
Identify: Large dome-shaped sheet of muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Diaphragm contracts → moves downward → thoracic cavity expands

<p><strong>O:</strong> Sternum<br><strong>I:</strong> Central tendon<br><strong>A:</strong> Expands thoracic cavity<br><strong>Identify:</strong> Large <strong>dome-shaped sheet of muscle</strong> separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities</p><p>Diaphragm contracts → moves downward → thoracic cavity expands</p>
6
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External Intercostals

O: Superior rib
I: Inferior rib
A: Elevates ribs
Identify: Muscles running between adjacent ribs

During inspiration, elevating the ribs helps expand the thoracic cavity.

<p><strong>O:</strong> Superior rib<br><strong>I:</strong> Inferior rib<br><strong>A:</strong> <strong>Elevates ribs</strong><br><strong>Identify:</strong> Muscles running <strong>between adjacent ribs</strong></p><p>During inspiration, elevating the ribs helps expand the thoracic cavity.</p>
7
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Internal Intercostals

O: Inferior rib
I: Superior rib
A: Depresses ribs
Identify: Deeper layer of muscle between adjacent ribs

(Right Side)

<p><strong>O:</strong> Inferior rib<br><strong>I:</strong> Superior rib<br><strong>A:</strong> <strong>Depresses ribs</strong><br><strong>Identify:</strong> Deeper layer of muscle between adjacent ribs</p><p>(Right Side)</p>