Diseases

what are the effects of training on cardiovascular diseases?

• Reduces risk of atherosclerosis (less fatty plaque build-up)

• Lowers blood pressure

• Reduces LDL and increases HDL

• Improves efficiency of the heart (stronger cardiac muscle)

• Improves blood flow and oxygen delivery

• Reduces risk of heart attack and stoke

• Can slow progression of disease

• Improves ability to exercise and perform daily tasks

• Aids recovery and rehabilitation from the disease

Atherosclerosis: how is it caused? What problems does it make?

How is it caused:

• Caused by a build-up of fatty plaques in artery walls which can lead to a blockage in blood vessels

What problems does it make:

• Reduced blood flow to  muscles (fatigue quicker)

• Heart has to work harder

• Risk of heart attack

Coronary heart disease: how is it caused? What problems does it make?

How is it caused:

• Build-up of fatty plaques in coronary arteries

• Reduces blood flow to heart muscle

What problems does it make:

• Reduced oxygen to heart

• Angina (chest pain)

• Risk of heart attack

heart attack: how is it caused? What problems does it make?

How is it caused:

• Blockage of a coronary artery (blood clot)

• Cuts off blood supply to heart muscle

What problems does it make:

• Heart muscle damaged/dies

• Severe chest pain

• Reduced heart function

Stroke: how is it caused? What problems does it make?

How is it caused:

• Blood supply to brain blocked or vessel bursts

• Often due to a clot

What problems does it make:

• Brain damage

• Loss of movement/coordination

• Possible paralysis

what is the effect of Atherosclerosis on sport?

• Fatigue quicker

• Decreased aerobic capacity

• Slower recovery after exercise

what is the affect of coronary heart disease on sport?

• Reduced endurance

• Fatigue quicker

• Cannot maintain high intensity

what is the effect of a heart attack on sport?

• Very limited exercise ability

• Reduced aerobic capacity

• Long recovery time

what is the effect of a stroke on sport?

• Reduced coordination

• Loss of strength

• May be unable to perform

what is a respiratory disease?

• Respiratory disease is characterised by one or more diseases of the airways or alveoli, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

• If you have a respiratory disease, it causes severe breathing difficulties and can reduce the quality of life of that individual.

How is asthma caused and what problems does it make?

Caused:

• Airways become inflamed and narrowed

• Triggered by exercise, allergens or cold air

• Due to genetics, the environment or allergies

Problems:

• Reduced airflow to lungs

• Breathlessness and wheezing

• Difficulty getting enough oxygen in

how is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) caused and what problems does it make?

Caused:

• Long-term damage to airways (often from smoking)

• Airways become narrowed and alveoli damaged

Problems:

• Reduced gas exchange

• Shortness of breath

• Persistent cough

what is the effect of asthma on sport?

• Reduced aerobic capacity

• Fatigue quicker

• Difficulty sustaining exercise intensity

what are the effects of training on respiratory diseases?

• Improves lung efficiency

• Increases tidal volume

• Reduces breathlessness (dyspnoea)

• Improves oxygen transport

• Clears airways more effectively

• Increases exercise tolerance

• Improves quality of life

• Exercise-induced symptoms

• Doesn’t reverse structural damage

• Overexertion risk

what is the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on sport?

• Very low endurance

• Fatigue very quickly

• Unable to maintain exercise or high intensity