WMDs
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25 Terms
US nuclear program modernisation
$946B (Apr 2025, Congressional Budget Office)
UNSC resolution - increase non-proliferation
2325, unanimous (2016)
US warning on China nuclear expansion
Says 1000 warheads by 2030 (2019)
Russia on New START
“Open to negotiation” (Moscow, Feb 2026)
US on New START
“Need China” so will not re-sign (Trump, Feb 2026)
Russia CNTB
Left Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty 2023
RUS-Belarus nukes
Belarus announces hosting RUS nukes Mar 2023
Politico report (Iran)
RUS and CHN supply ammonium perchlorate to Iran (2023)
IAEA-Iran
IAEA blocked access (2021), IAEA says “no longer guarantee” Iran nuclear program is peaceful (2024)
Taliban
Tear gas used in girls schools (2021)
Nuke count - RUS and US
RUS: 5449, US: 3748 (Nuclear Threat Initiative, Apr 2026)
RUS threat
“wipe off the map” intervening states (Putin, 2021)
UN statement
“we need disarmament now” (Secretary-General Guterres, Mar 2024)
UNSC resolution NK missiles
2397, NK tested Hwasong-15 ballistic missiles in JPN airspace (2017)
US Executive order NK
13810 “trade with the US or NK, but not both” (2017)
Effectiveness UNSC NK sanctions
$1.19B in 2016, $370M in 2019
RUS veto
Mar 2024, vetoes sanctions on NK
IAEA NK
“acceleration in [NK’s] nuclear development” (2025)
TPNW
Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, UNGA passed with 74 state parties +25 signatories (passed 2016)
Org that helped write TPNW
ICAN (International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons), $4.9T in liquid assets, 600+ partner orgs
NPT article 1 + effectiveness
“Non-nuclear states pledge not to acquire nuclear weapons”
9 states with nukes 2026, 190 state signatories
NPT article 3 + effectiveness
Pledge to accept IAEA safeguards
Iran, NK → not totally effective
NPT article 4 + effectiveness
All states can develop peaceful nuclear technology
31 states, 9% of global power
NPT article 6 + effectiveness
Pursue total disarmament
US modernisation, CHN growth
2026 Iran-China
2x Iranian ships with 1000 tonnes of sodium perchlorate (enough fuel for 260 short-range missiles) (2-3/2026, Foundation for Defence of Democracies)