lifeguarding test

what are the two primary responsibilities of a lifeguard

conduct surveillance and demonstrate professional appearance

how does wearing the lifeguard uniform properly contribute to the primary responsibility of a lifeguard?

demonstrates professional appearance

What should you do when you hear thunder in the distance?

clear the patrons from the pool

what are the 4 characteristics of a distressed swimmer?

face out of water, call or wave for help, horizontal/vertical/diagonal body position, floating/sculling/treading water

characteristics of a active drowning person

struggling to keep face above water, cannot call/wave bc focused on getting a breath, extending arms to the side and pressing down, not making forward progress, staying at the surface for only 20-60 seconds

characteristics of a passive drowning person

float or drift at or near surface, sink to bottom, rest on the bottom face down, appear unresponsive (limp or slight convulsive movements), look like a shadow or smudge

when should you use a stride jump

water is at least 5 feet deep & no more than 3 ft above water

when should you use a compact jump

more than 3 feet above water & at least 5 feet deep

when should you use a slide-in entry

shallow water, crowded, murky, suspected spinal injury close to poolside

how many seconds for a complete scan of the entire zone

30s

2 aspects of effective scanning

move your head and eyes & look directly at each patron in their zone

what should the response time testing be completed in?

1.5 to 2 minutes

how should lifeguards explain rule breaks

ask them to stop and briefly explain why its dangerous

what is one example of preventative lifeguarding if a patron is hyperventilating

ask them to stop hyperventilating and explain why its dangerous

what should you do if a sun glare makes it difficult to see patrons in their surveillance area

signal for assistance

even though swim team members are more experience swimmers. . .

they are still susceptibly to experiencing a medical emergency and drowning

how can facility managers promote safety for patrons

implement lifeguard administered swim tests

what is the critical reason for activating the EAP

alerting other lifeguards/members of the safety team

what role in the safety team can a non-lifeguard play

summoning EMS and bringing them to the emergency scene

active front rescue

approach from front and tell them you are there to help, thrust the tube underwater and into the person’s chest, encourage them to lean forward, streamline kick to safe exit point

active rear rescue

with both arms over tube reach under armpits and grasp firmly, lean back and pull them onto tube, tow them backward to safe exit point

multi person rescue

reach under both their armpits and tow both to safe exit point, when another lifeguard comes convince them to separate, and take one each

passive front

reach opposite forearm, pull down and twist persons arm onto their back, thrust rescue tube under

passive rear

with tube between reach under armpits squeeze and dip and roll, position the tube underneath shoulders, switch to one arm over person’s shoulder and stroke to exit point

passive submerged shallow

grab person by shoulders, while moving forward - pick up person - turn them onto their back, position rescue tube under shoulders, one shoulder hook and tow

passive submerged moderate

grasp arms at biceps and move arms alongside their head, turn face-up while bring to surface at an angle (rotate your own arms around their biceps), position rescue tube, one shoulder hook and tow

passive submerge deep

from behind reach one arm across persons chest, hold firmly, then grasp towline, pull towline down and place it in the same hand that holds the person, as you approach surface position tube below shoulders, one shoulder hook and tow

first step when identifying a drowning person

activate the eap first

what is the emergency action plan

written document that guides the actions of the lifeguards and other staff members in an emergency

where should a person’s head be when being towed in a passive

back in an open airway position

what is the rapid extrication angle when pulling it out of water (after centered)

near horizontal

what is consent for adults in lifeguarding

consent required for awake adult before providing care; implied consent if not awake

infants and children consent?

obtain consent from parent/guardian if present regardless of consciousness

what is rapid assessment

identify and immediately address life-threatening conditions

how to remove disposable gloves

pinch palm side, pull glove toward fingertips and off, hold off glove in gloved hand, then slip two fingers under wrist of other glove, pull glove toward fingertips and off, dispose properly

where do you check for an infants pulse

brachial (upper arm)

how long should the abc/look-listen-fee take

no more than 10 seconds

first action if no breathing/no pulse

2 ventilations

head position for infant airway

neutral

head position for child airway

slightly past neutral

head position for adult airway

past neutral

how do you use a ventiation mask

seal, open airway, blow

what are the ratios for adult/child/infant(1person)

2 vents, 30 comp

what is the vent ratio for infant 2 person

2 vent 15 compression

how does cpr change if it is not a drowning victim

start with compressions instead of vents

how small should interruptions to chest compressions be in high quality cpr

less than 10 seconds

when is the BVM most effective

with two rescuers on BVM

what are the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest

no breathing & no pulse

what are the compressions depths for adults, child, and infants

2-2.5 inches, about 2 inches, 1.5 inches

by the cardiac chain of survival what is the lifeguard responsible for

recognition of cardiac emergency w/ eap, early high-quality cpr, and early defibrillation with an AED

who/how does the role change in two-rescuer CPR work

the lifeguard on chest compressions should say “Switch” instead of “1” at the beginning of compressions

what are the ventilation ratio differences for 1 v 2 person cpr

no difference in children and adult, 2:15 for 2-person rescuer infant

for just ventilations what are the ratios

1 vent every 6 sec for adult, 1 vent every 2-3 sec for child

where should the aed pads be placed

upper right and lower left on adult, back and front for child

how do you care for a responsive choking adults

cycles of 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts

why can’t you use pediatric pads on an adult

they will not deliver a significant shock

how do you care for a dry chemical burn

brush the chemical away with another object

if someone approaches you with diabetes, takes insulin, and asks you for sugar what should you give them

candy containing fructose or sucrose

situation: infant, responsive, obstructed airway

lay the infant face down along the thigh with head lower than body

if a child is holding their right arm and grimacing what should you do

check the right arm for signs of injury

what should you do if you suspect a concussion

child should stop all activity and call 911

what is the head splint technique for a suspected spinal injury, face up near the surface

firmly squeeze the person’s arms against the head or inline stabilization

how should you remove a person from water, suspected spinal injury, appears to be breathing

spinal motion restriction extraction