Lecture 13 - dreams and their neural correlates

pontine REM-on cells are associated with the neurotransmitter _____

ACH

pontine REM-off cells are associated with the neurotransmitters _____

noradrenaline, serotonin

define and briefly explain the 3 steps of the activation-synthesis model of consciousness

1. brainstem switch (pontine REM-on cells fire and REM-off cells become silent)

2. activation (PGO waves hit thalamus/cortex, sensory input gated out and motor output blocked)

3. synthesis (forebrain makes best-fit story from internal signals and stored memories)

define and briefly explain the 3 steps of AIM model of consciousness

1. activation (how active the brain is)

2. input (outside world or internally generated)

3. modulation (aminergic or cholinergic)

lucid dreaming sits between ______ and ______

REM, wake

_____ intensifies dreaming in parkinson’s patients and __ abolishes it

• L-dopa

• frontal leucotomy

what is the claim of Mark Solms’ neuropsychoanalysis

the brainstem switches REM on but dreaming requires the forebrain’s dopaminergic “seeking” circuits and REM is one trigger among many

what elements of Freud’s views on dreams does Mark Solms’ theory also contain

dreams are motivated and driven by wishes and needs (reward system, appetitive)

forebrain lesions terminate (REM/dreaming). this (has/has not) been tested

dreaming, has been tested

pontine lesions terminate (REM/dreaming). this (has/has not) been tested

REM, has not been tested

hobson’s activation-synthesis model is (bottom-up/top-down)

bottom-up

solms’ activation-synthesis model is (bottom-up/top-down)

top-down

what is nielsen’s prediction about dreams

predicts that nREM sleep will have more features of REM sleep when it has dream recall

covert REM theory states that some dream in nREM could be explained by _

the presence of elements of REM in nREM

how is quality of mental activity at sleep onset affected when there is a partial REM sleep deprivation protocol

more dream-like

posterior hot zone

region in the back of the cerebral cortex where drops in low frequency activities and increase in high frequency activity coincide with dreaming during REM and nREM

name the brain area associated to each dream:

1. thought-like dream

2. perceptual dream

3. dream with faces

4. spatial dream

5. movement dream

6. language dream

1. frontal regions

2. posterior regions

3. FFA

4. superior temporal sulcus

5. Wernicke area

dream recalling is a potential trait for ______, _______, and _________

memory encoding, mind reading, mental imagery