exam 1 procedures 9/2

What is radiologic technology

Health care profession that includes all diagnostic imaging technologists and radiation therapists

What is a radiographer

Radiologic technologies who administer ionizing radiation to perform radiographic procedures

A radiographer requires technical skills like…

Physics, anatomy and physiology and pathology

ALARA

as low as reasonably achievable

Ethics in radiology can be defined by

Health professionals moral responsibility, and the science of appropriate conduct toward others

ARRT

American registry of radiologic technologists

What is the purpose of the ARRT?

Describes professional values that translate into practice

How many code of ethics are there?

11

How many rules of ethics are there?

22

Radiologist extenders perform or assist with….

Patient care activities, select radiologic procedures, and initial image observations

Radiographers with advanced clinical roles are titled as

Radiologist assistant and radiology practitioner assistant

What are radiographers responsible for in the care of the examination room?

Cleaning the x-ray machine, the table top and accessories

What are pathogens

Germs, bacteria, and viruses

Precautions for contamination

Wash hands with soap and water, wear the right PPE, follow respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette

Why are there standard precautions of safety in hospitals

They are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of unrecognized sources of pathogens

What do you put in the Sharp’s bin?

Needles and other sharps

When performing lumber punctures what is required?

Surgical mask

How do you handle textiles and laundry?

Fold everything in the middle, pick it up on the sides, and drop in carrier

When should you wash your hands as a radiologist technician

After examining patients with known communicable diseases. After coming in contact with blood or body fluids. Before beginning invasive procedures, and before touching patients who are at risk for infection

What can you verify of a patient?

Date of birth, Wristband and name

Three types of motion

Involuntary voluntary and equipment

Why can you not move during an x-ray?

The image will become blurry

Involuntary motion is…

Heartbeat, chills, tremor, spasm, pain

Voluntary motion is…

any movement that a patient can control such as walking, talking or breathing

How can rad techs control voluntary patient motion on images?

Giving clearance instructions, providing patient comfort, adjusting support devices and applying immobilization

What is an image receptor

The device that receives the energy of the x-ray beam informs the image of the body part

What are the four types of image receptors

Solid state digital directors, fluoroscopic image receptor, Photostimulable storage phosopher image plate, cassette with film

Which image receptor can record live

Fluoroscopic

What are some positioning aids?

towels and sponges

what does mA stand for?

Milliamperage

What does kVp stand for

Kilovolt peak

Kilovolt peak is what

The strength or the voltage

AEC

Automatic exposure control

What is PPE?

Gloves, goggles, apron, closed toed shoes, hair put away

What is CR?

Central Ray

Central ray is defined as

Central or principle beam of rays

Central Ray is always centered to what

Anatomy of interest, and the image receptor

What should the central ray be to the part and Image receptor to minimize distortion

Perpendicular

What are the three general image receptor positions?

Lengthwise, crosswise, diagonal

What image receptor position is most Often used

Lengthwise

What does lengthwise mean on a patient?

Head to toe

What does crosswise mean on a patient?

Left to right

What does diagonal look like on a patient?

Off center diagonal

what does SID mean

source to image receptor distance

What is source to image (SID)

Can be defined as the distance from the anode inside the x-ray tube to the IR critical technical component

What is the SID distance

40 -72 inches

102-183 centimeters

Sid is to what

Distance from the machine to table

what is SSD

Source to skin distance

Source to skin (SSD) is what

Defined as the distance between anode inside the X-ray tube to the patients skin

What is the SSD distance

For mobile exams: no less than 30 cm (12 inches)

For fixed exams: no less than 38 cm (15 inches)

What is the exposure field

Radiation field must irradiate only the anatomy of interest

Collimation serves 2 purposes

To minimize patient exposure, and to reduce scatter radiation

Scatter is what

Balloon example

Collimating is what

Using those 2 dials to minimize and maximize the square

each radiograph must include what

L, R marker

Where should the marker be placed

placed in the exposure field on the edge of the collimation border

What is a radiograph

The image recorded by exposing any of the image receptors to X-rays

why are x-rays important?

they show the presence or absence of abnormality or trauma

The radiographer must be evaluate each radiograph to determine what

Acceptability of image features, proper radiation safety practices, and whether the objectives for performing the procedure have been met

what makes a good x-ray

patient identification, proper marker placement, proper collimation evidence of required, patient shielding and absence of artifacts.

What position are radiographs viewed in?

Anatomic

Anatomic position is what

Standing up straight with palms forward

Exceptions of radiographs include what

Hand, fingers, wrist, feet, toes

What does image ID consist of

Date, patient’s name or ID number, right or left marker and institution identity

What is a factor on whether a radiographic examination can be performed on a obese patient

Body diameter and weight

What is obesity?

Can be defined as an increase in bodyweight by an excessive accumulation of fat

Numbers of obesity

30-39.9

Equipment considerations with weight

Some of our tables have weight limits, lots of other diameter limits as well

Risks that come with moving obese patients

Possible injury to patient or rad tech

Transportation includes

Wheelchairs, beds or stretchers

Problems with x-raying obese patients

sometimes palpable landmarks are not accessible

On an obese patient what do you locate?

The jugular notch to then the pubic synthesis

if you were to get poked with a needle, what do you do?

Clean hands very well and go to associate health

What is the blue bin for?

Contrast in fluoroscopy X-rays

Static

Single shot

Dynamic

Motion/video

C arm does what

Both dynamic and static

Artifact

Extra in an X-ray ( jewelry, hand)

Whose positioning do we go off of?

The patients

What is mandatory?

Rules of ethics