Classification of bone and General bone

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A SHORT BONE

Carpals, patella, tarsals

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A FLAT BONE

Cranial bones, the facial bones, sternum

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF FLAT BONES

Thin, 2 layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone/ many are curved

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A LONG BONE

Humerus, femur ulna, radius, femur, fibula, tibia, ribs, metacarpals, phalanges

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF LONG BONES

Longer than wide/ consist of shafts and heads/ composed primarily of compact bones

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF A SESAMOID BONE

Patella

GIVE ONE EXAMPLE OF AN IRREGULAR BONE

Pelvis, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF SESAMOID BONES

Short bones formed in tendons

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF SHORT BONES

Cubed shaped, more spongy than compact bone

GIVE ONE CHARACTERISTIC OF SUTURAL/ WORMIAN BONES

Tiny bones between cranial bones

HOW MANY NAMED BONES ARE FOUND IN THE HUMAN BODY?

206

WHAT GROUPS OF BONES COMPRISE THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON?

Limbs, pelvic and pectoral girdles (126 bones)

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS ARTICULAR CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Hyaline cartilage

WHAT COVERS THE ARTICULAR SURFACES OF THE LONG BONES?

Articular cartilages specifically hyaline (Periosteum covers shaft/ hyaline covers ends)

NAME THE THREE GROUPS OF BONES THAT COMPRISE THE AXIAL SKELETON?

Skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column (80 bones)

NAME FOUR OF THE 7 MAIN TYPES OF SKELETAL CARTILAGES (NOT THE THREE STRUCTURAL TYPES!)

Articular, costal, laryngeal, nasal

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS COSTAL CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Hyaline

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL NAME/ TERM FOR THE SHAFT OF THE LONG BONE?

Diaphysis

ALL BONES OF THE BODY BELOW THE SKULL, EXCEPT THE COLLAR BONE, FORM IN THE EMBRYO BY THE PROCESS OF _________________, WHICH USES HYALINE CARTILAGE "BONE" AS PATTERNS FOR BONE FORMATION

Endochondral ossification

THE DELICATE _______________ LINES THE INNER SHAFT, ALSO COVERING THE TRABECULAE OF THE SPONGY BONE AND LINES THE CANALS OF COMPACT BONE

Endosteum

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS THE EPIGLOTTIS COMPOSED OF?

Elastic

ONCE LONG BONE HAS STOPPED GROWING THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATE IS REPLACED WITH BONE AND APPEARS AS A THIN BARELY DISCERNABLE REMNANT CALLED THE

Epiphyseal line

IN YOUNG ANIMALS THAT ARE GROWING THE _______________ CAN BE SEEN, WHICH IS A THIN AREA OF HYALINE CARTILAGE THAT PROVIDES FOR LONGITUDINAL GROWTH OF THE BONE

Epiphyseal plate

WHAT IS THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR THE ENDS OF THE LONG BONE?

Epiphysis (proximal and distal)

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS THE EXTERNAL EAR COMPOSED OF?

Elastic

THE FLEXIBILITY OF BONE COMES FROM THE ______________ OF THE MATRIX, PARTICULARLY THE COLLAGEN FIBERS

Organic elements

THE HARDNESS OF BONE IS DUE TO THE _________________ DEPOSITED IN IT'S GROUND MATRIX

Inorganic Calcium Salts

RED MARROW CAVITIES OF BONES PROVIDE A SITE FOR ________________ (RED BLOOD CELL FORMATION)

Hematopoiesis

NAME TWO OF THE THREE TYPES OF CARTILAGE

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE (STRUCTURALLY) IS INTERVERTEBAL CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Fibrocartilage

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

• Joints (articular)

• ears (elastic)

• ribs (costal cartilage)

• spine (fibrocartilage)

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE A MENISCUS CAN BE FOUND

Knee joints

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS LARYNGEAL CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Hyaline

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE LARYNGEAL CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

voice box in larynx

NAME THE SUBSTANCE THAT MAY BE FOUND IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY OF CHILDREN

Red marrow

NAME THE SUBSTANCES THAT MAY BE FOUND IN THE MEDULLARY CAVITY OF ADULTS

Yellow marrow (adipose-rich)

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS A MENISCUS COMPOSED OF?

Fibrocartilage

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS NASAL CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Hyaline

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE NASAL CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

External nose

ARE BONE-FORMING BONE CELLS

Osteoblasts

______________ ______________ ARE BONE-DESTROYING BONE CELLS

Osteoclasts

EACH CARTILAGE IS SURROUNDED BY DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CALLED

Perichondrium

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PERICHONDRIUM?

Resist distortion of the cartilage when subjected to pressure/ plays a role in cartilage growth and repair

WHAT MAY THE PERIOSTEAL BUD CONTAIN (GIVE THREE EXAMPLES)?

Blood vessels/ nerves, red marrow

THE MAJOR EVENTS OF ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION BEGINS IN THE OF THE SHAFT OF A DEVELOPING LONG BONE

Primary ossification center

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS COMPOSED OF?

Fibrocartilage

GIVE TWO EXAMPLES OF WHERE HYALINE CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

Rib, nose

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE COSTAL CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

Ribs

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHERE TRACHEAL/ BRONCHIAL CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND

Trachea, bronchi

WHAT TYPE OF CARTILAGE IS TRACHEAL/ BRONCHIAL CARTILAGE COMPOSED OF?

Hyaline