World War I Study Guide Freshman History
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61 Terms
Who created the system of alliances- the person, not the country
Otto Von Bismarck (Germany)
The Allied Powers are the…
Triple Entente
The Central Powers are the…
Triple Alliance
Who was the Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria, Italy
Who was the Triple Entente
France, Russia, England
Which countries are in the Allied Powers
France, Russia, England, (Added) Japan
Which Countries are in the Central Powers
Germany, Austria, Italy (Added) Ottoman Empire
Who are the top three countries
Germany, France, England
What is Militarism
Being proud to be part of your countries military and fighting for them or the belief that a country should maintain a strong military force
What is Nationalism
Strong devotion to one's country. It places a nation's interests, culture, and sovereignty above all other individual, regional, or international concerns
What is Pan-Slavism
Having all Slavic people united. Russia was promoting their own nationalism, called pan-slavism
Which organization planned the assassination of the Archduke of Austria
The Black Hand (symbol is skull and bun)
Who assassinated the Archduke of Austria
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian national
Why did France want to enter the war before Germany even mobilized their armies
France wanted to reclaim Alsace and Lorrian and get revenge on Germany for beating them in the Franco-Prussian War. Russia called France for help but Germany told France to stay out so in return France declared war on Germany
What was Schlieffen Plan
designed to answer Germany strategy of bringing a two front war to France
What is a stalemate
Both sides are on equal terms
Who were the leaders of Austria and Germany; why did Austria go to war
Leader of Austria: Franz Joseph I Leader of Germany: Kaiser Wilhelm II Austria went to war because Austria's archduke got assassinated
What year did the war begin
1914
What year did the war end
1919
How did the stalemate on the Western Front occur
Both France and Germany are trying to push each other in the opposite direction. And both sides are completely even so each attack on the other trench goes nowhere]
Which country on the Western Front saw the most action
France
Which country suffered more losses than any other in the war
Russia
What made the Schlieffen Plan irrelevant
they did not expect frances to mobilize their army so fast and France met germany in Belgium instead of France. The whole point of the Schlieffen plan was to go through Belgium and into france but the france stopped their plan.
Be able to explain how trenches and no man’s land were set up? What is in the front of the trench, to the rear, etc.
Trenches were places where soldiers tried to hide in the ground.
Front of the Trench: Front line and Listening post
Back of the trench: blank trenches, the reserve trench, and the officer quarters.
The Front Line: where soldiers are placed with guns pointed towards the opposing side and they watch the other side and shoot them when they come out of their own trench.
The listening post: where soldiers go so they can spy and listen to what the opposing team is saying.
Blank trenches: where the soldiers sit when they are not on duty. They basically do nothing when they are in the blank trenches
The officer quarters: are where the officers live.
The reserve trench: is where soldiers exit to leave the trenches.
Name at least three mental and/or physical that afflicted soldiers on the front
Trench Foot: caused by long exposure to cold, wet, and unsanitary conditions in flooded trenches
Shellshock: Occurs when you get too close to an explosion and the shell rattles your brain.
P.T.S.D. (post traumatic stress disorder), Mental Anguish: They have incredibly realistic nightmares that make them feel like they are right back in the trenches. Most of the time, everyday sights trigger their trauma, making them feel as though they are back in the war. On top of that, they frequently experience hallucinations and see things that aren't really there.
Be able to explain at least 3 different types of weapons that were used on a mass scale for the first time in WWI
Flamethrower: Its description is a big backpack that has a long tube coming out of it. At the end of a tube is a gun type thing called a wand and when you press a button fire comes out of it. It is a mechanical device designed to shoot a long, continuous stream of burning liquid or gas.
Grenades: a small bomb designed to be thrown by hand or launched from a rifle or special device. To set it off you pull the safety pin while holding down the safety lever, and then throw the grenade to release the lever which triggers the internal fuze to ignite an explosive after a short delay.
Poison Gas🤯: Many different types of gas used, one being mustard gas. When you get hit with Poison Gas it boils your skin, feels like burning if you breathe it in, it can cause you to lose your sense of taste, and it can cause temporary blindness.
Who was on the Eastern Front
(Allied) Russia (Central) Ottoman and Austria
What were 2 causes for the US entering the war
The Zimmerman Telegraph: The Germans used it to secretly make an alliance with Mexico to regrant them the land that they lost in the Mexican-American War. (Texas, New Mexico, etc.)
The sinking of the boat Lusitania: Ship innocent people going to England which killed 123 people on ship. Ship had white flag signaling innocence but Germany still bombed it
On what date was the armistice signed
11/11/18 November 11, 1918
What did the Allies ask for in the Treaty of Versailles
1. Limit germany’s army to 100,000 men
2. Germany can no longer manufacture heavy arms
3. Germany can no longer have a general staff
4. The Rhineland has to be demilitarized
5. Germany is forced to pay 132 billion dollars.
6. Germany has to return all overseas territory
7. Alsace and Lorrain has to be returned to france
What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points about ?
His attempt to end the war without favoritism
What is one concept of one of Wilson’s 14 points, Describe it thoroughly?
The end of imperialism: stopping powerful countries from controlling, exploiting, or ruling over other nations, lands, or peoples
Which major European Empire that helped to start the war was dissolved following the Treaty of Versailles?
Austria
What was the Armenian genocide
the systematic destruction and mass killing of 600,000 to 1.5 million ethnic Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during World War I