Data Representation Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering computer data representation, binary logic, number systems, hexadecimal conversions, overflow, binary shifts, character sets, and digital media representation.

Logic Gates and Switches

Components in a computer that process only the binary values $1$ and $0$, which are stored in registers.

Registers

Internal storage areas in a computer that store the binary values $1$ and $0$ processed by logic gates.

Number Systems

Ways to represent numbers using a consistent set of symbols and rules.

Denary

A base $10$ number system that uses symbols $0$ to $9$ to represent values.

Binary

A base $2$ number system that uses symbols $0$ and $1$ to represent values.

Hexadecimal

A base $16$ number system that uses $0$ to $15$ to represent values, where $10$ to $15$ are represented using letters.

Hexadecimal Value A

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $10$.

Hexadecimal Value B

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $11$.

Hexadecimal Value C

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $12$.

Hexadecimal Value D

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $13$.

Hexadecimal Value E

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $14$.

Hexadecimal Value F

The hexadecimal representation for the denary value $15$.

Applications of Hexadecimal

Beneficial uses of hexadecimal representation, including colour codes, error messages, MAC addresses, IP addresses, and locations in memory.

Benefits of Hexadecimal Representation

Advantages of hexadecimal over binary: it is easier to read, write, and debug, and provides a shorter, more understandable representation.

Binary Addition: $0 + 0$

Produces a result of $0$ and a carry of $0$.

Binary Addition: $0 + 1$

Produces a result of $1$ and a carry of $0$.

Binary Addition: $1 + 0$

Produces a result of $1$ and a carry of $0$.

Binary Addition: $1 + 1$

Produces a result of $0$ and a carry of $1$.

Binary Addition: $1 + 1 + 1$

Produces a result of $1$ and a carry of $1$.

Overflow Error

An error that occurs when a calculated value exceeds a device's predefined limit, such as a value greater than $255$ in an $8\text{-bit}$ register.

Predefined Register Limit

The maximum value a computer register can store, such as $255$ for an $8\text{-bit}$ register, beyond which an overflow error occurs.

Logical Binary Shift

An operation performed on a sequence of binary numbers by shifting bits either to the left or to the right.

Logical Shift Left

A logical binary shift operation that multiplies the binary number by $2$ for each shift position to the left.

Logical Shift Right

A logical binary shift operation that divides the binary number by $2$ for each shift position to the right.

Bit Loss in Binary Shifts

The reason binary shifts sometimes yield unexpected outcomes, occurring when the most significant bit(s) or least significant bit(s) are lost.

Two's Complement

A method used to represent negative binary numbers, allowing representation of both positive and negative integers in binary.

Character Set

A list of characters and symbols that can be represented by a computer system, where each character and symbol is assigned a unique value.

ASCII

A $7\text{-bit}$ character set that represents $128$ characters, uses less storage space, and includes a limited set of languages.

ASCII Storage Size

Uses $7$ bits per character, consuming less storage space than Unicode.

ASCII Character Capacity

Capable of representing exactly $128$ unique characters.

Unicode

A $16\text{-bit}$ character set that represents $65536$ characters, including multiple sets of languages and emojis, but requiring more storage space.

Unicode Storage Size

Uses $16$ bits per character, requiring more storage space than ASCII.

Unicode Character Capacity

Capable of representing exactly $65536$ unique characters.

Image Data Representation

A process where an image captured by a camera is divided into a grid of pixels, each given a binary value for processing by a computer.

Image Resolution

The dimensions of an image; increasing resolution increases both image quality and file size.

Color Depth

The number of bits used to represent each color in an image.

Sound Data Representation

A process where sound recorded by a microphone is sampled by measuring its amplitude at regular time intervals and converting each amplitude to a unique binary value.

Sample Rate

The number of sound samples taken per second during sound digitisation.

Sample Resolution

The number of bits allocated per sample of sound.

Factors Increasing Sound Accuracy and File Size

Increasing either or both the sample rate and the sample resolution.