WW1

Hawaii Annexation

The U.S. took control of Hawaii in 1898.

Open Door Policy

The U.S. wanted equal trading rights in China.

Cuba

Became independent but remained under strong U.S. influence.

Puerto Rico and Guam

Became U.S. territories after the Spanish-American War.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated news stories to attract readers.

Outcome of the Spanish-American War

The U.S. defeated Spain in 1898 and gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuba became independent.

Cuba (Location)

Location of the Spanish-American War.

Hawaii (Location)

Located in the Pacific Ocean.

Puerto Rico and Guam (Location)

Puerto Rico is in the Caribbean; Guam is in the Pacific Ocean.

France and Belgium (Location)

Major locations of World War I trench warfare.

Mexico (Location)

Country involved in Germany's Zimmermann Telegram plan.

Zimmermann Telegram

Germany asked Mexico to ally against the U.S. and promised it Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Theodore Roosevelt

Used Big Stick Diplomacy and helped build the Panama Canal.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Using the threat of military force to get what the U.S. wanted.

Sanford Dole

Helped overthrow Hawaii's queen and supported U.S. annexation.

Alfred T. Mahan

Believed the U.S. needed a strong navy and overseas naval bases.

William Randolph Hearst

Newspaper publisher associated with yellow journalism.

Woodrow Wilson's View on WWI

Initially favored neutrality but entered the war to protect U.S. interests.

U.S. Interactions with Latin America

The U.S. intervened to protect its interests.

Reasons the U.S. Entered WWI

Unrestricted German submarine warfare, the Zimmermann Telegram, and threats to Americans.

Schenck v. United States

The Supreme Court upheld restrictions on speech that posed a clear and present danger during wartime.

Meaning of Schenck v. United States

The government could restrict speech that threatened the war effort.

Wilson's Point 1 — No Secret Treaties

Countries should make agreements openly.

Wilson's Point 2 — Freedom of the Seas

Ships should travel freely.

Wilson's Point 3 — Free Trade

Countries should trade freely with one another.

Wilson's Point 4 — Reduce Weapons

Countries should limit their weapons and militaries.

Wilson's Point 5 — Fair Colonial Claims

Consider the interests of people living in colonies.

Wilson's Point 6 — Russia

Remove foreign troops and let Russia decide its future.

Wilson's Point 7 — Belgium

Restore Belgium's independence.

Wilson's Point 8 — France

Return Alsace-Lorraine to France.

Wilson's Point 9 — Italy

Adjust Italy's borders based on nationality.

Wilson's Point 10 — Austria-Hungary

Allow ethnic groups to govern themselves.

Wilson's Point 11 — Balkans

Restore Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro; give Serbia access to the sea.

Wilson's Point 12 — Ottoman Empire

Protect minority groups and open the Turkish Straits to international shipping.

Wilson's Point 13 — Poland

Create an independent Poland with access to the sea.

Wilson's Point 14 — League of Nations

Create an organization to help maintain world peace.

Monroe Doctrine

European countries should not interfere with or colonize the Americas.

Congress's Reaction to the League of Nations

The Senate rejected joining because it feared the U.S. would be pulled into foreign wars.

Why Wilson Couldn't Join the League Alone

The Senate had to approve the treaty by a two-thirds vote.

Why Congress Resisted the League

Senators feared losing U.S. independence and favored isolationism.

Lusitania Sinking

A German submarine sank the British passenger ship in 1915, killing 128 Americans and increasing anti-German sentiment.

Purpose of Tanks in WWI

Cross trenches and barbed wire to help troops advance.

Espionage Act

Made interfering with military operations or recruitment illegal.

Sedition Act

Made certain disloyal or abusive statements against the government, military, or flag illegal during wartime.

Why the Espionage and Sedition Acts Were Challenged

People argued they violated First Amendment freedom of speech.

Roosevelt Corollary

The U.S. claimed the right to intervene in Latin America to maintain order and keep European powers out.

Meaning of the Roosevelt Corollary

The U.S. acted like a police power in Latin America.

Reasons for Annexing Hawaii

Its strategic location, Pearl Harbor naval base, and economic interests, especially sugar.

Isolationism

Avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts.

Imperialism

Extending control over other territories.

Interventionism

Getting involved in another country's affairs.

Causes of the Spanish-American War

Yellow journalism, Cuba's rebellion against Spain, and the sinking of the USS Maine.

George Washington's Advice

Stay neutral in foreign conflicts and avoid permanent alliances.

Where Roosevelt Used Big Stick Diplomacy Most

Central America and the Caribbean, especially Panama.