E2 - Electric Signal Transduction

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Last updated 9:22 PM on 10/15/26
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10 Terms

1
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Resting membrane potential

Inside is negative; K+ leaks out

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Na+/K+ pump

Uses ATP to move 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

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Action potential

Na+ enters to depolarize; K+ exits to repolarize

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All-or-none principle

An action potential happens fully or not at all

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Refractory periods

Absolute: cannot fire again. Relative: needs a stronger stimulus

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Myelin

Speeds signals; action potentials renew at nodes of Ranvier

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Electrical vs. chemical synapse

Electrical: direct ion flow. Chemical: neurotransmitter release

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Excitatory vs. inhibitory

Excitatory promotes depolarization; inhibitory promotes hyperpolarization

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Neurotransmitter release

Ca2+ enters the terminal, triggering vesicle fusion

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Neurotransmitter removal

Reuptake or breakdown; acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine