Cell division

What is mitosis

A form of asexual reproduction reproduction, it is process for growth of tissues, replacement of lost cells, repairing damaged tissue, formation of clones of white blood cells in an immune response, and it is also how cancerous tumours form

What is meiosis

Is the method of cell division that takes place in reproductive organs which is used to produce haploid sex cells for sexual reproduction

What is the interphase

When the cell elongates and DNA is replicated, the DNA is uncondensed, organelles are also replicated (90% of the cycle)

What takes place in the interphase

G1 where cells elongated and new organelles and proteins are made

Synthesis phase where the cell replicates DNA which is essential before the cell can divide

G2 where the cells keep elongating and proteins needed for cell division are made

What happens as a result of mitosis

The stage where two identical daughter cells are produced

What is cytokinesis

The final stage where the cytoplasm divides into 2 separate genetically identical daughter cells are formed

What is key about the centromere

It’s dense, guides cell division, holds chromotids

What is the acronym for mitosis

IPMAT

What happens at the prophase

Chromosome condense as it is wrapped around histones, nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope begins to break down, centrioles move to poles of the cell and begin to make spindle fibres which extend toward chromosomes

What happens at the metaphase

Nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibres attach to the centromere, chromosomes are pulled to the equator where they line up, each chromosome is attached to spindle fibre by centromere

What happens at the anaphase

The centromere of each chromosome splits in half so that one chromatid from each chromosome can be pulled to opposite poles of the cell, this stage makes sure each half of the cell recieves one chromatid from each chromosome, the chromatuds that separate are now chromosomes

What happens at the telephase

Nuclear envelop begins to reform around each new group of chromosomes, spindle fibres disappear, chromosomes unravel and become less distinct, cytoplasm starts to divide to create to genetically identical daughter cells, each new cell will half the amount of DNA at interphase