APAH Biq Quiz #3

Ethnographic analogy

Explaining the unknown about a piece of art through what we know of their culture or similar cultures, what we know of similar objects of that culture currently, etc. Compares artifacts to predict context and meaning.

Shamanism

Using rituals and material objects or figures to communicate with the spiritual world. A “shaman” mediates, coming into contact with the spiritual world.

Apollo 11 Cave stones provenance

Namibia, Southern Africa

Great Hall of the Bulls provenance

Lascaux, France

Camelid sacrum provenance

Tequixquiac, Mexico

Running Horned Woman provenance

Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria (North Africa)

Bushel with ibex motifs provenance

Ancient Susa (modern day Iran)

Anthropomorphic stele provenance

pre-Islamic Saudi Arabia

Jade cong provenance

Liangzhu China

Stonehenge provenance

Salisbury, England

Ambum stone provenance

Papua New Guinea

Tlatilco figurines provenance

Tlatilco, Mesoamerica (modern day Mexico)

Terracotta fragments provenance

Santa Cruz Islands (Solomon Islands)

Old Kingdom Egypt

2686-2181 BC

Middle Kingdom Egypt

2055-1650 BC

New Kingdom Egypt

1550-1077 BC

Old Kingdom artworks

Great Pyramids of Giza and Sphynx, Palette of King Narmer, Seated Scribe, King Menkaure and Queen,

Middle Kingdom artworks

Karnak started

New Kingdom artworks

Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer, Tutankhamen’s tomb, Akhenaten and Nefertiti and daughters (Armana), Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall, Karnak finished

Lakshmana Temple

built by Chandella kings in Khajuraho, India; Classical Hindu temple dedicated to gods Bramah, Vishnu, and Shiva; Nagara style with dark, enclosed, intimate center—like a womb—decorations depict fertility, love/sex, and women, whole temple looks like a mountain range—symbolic of the axis mundi, and allows for circumambulation

Angkor Wat, Angkor Tom

Cambodian Temple built by King Suryavarman II in the Khmer dynasty—his mausoleum AND a temple (more a home for the gods than a place of worship); central tower representing Mt. Meru, relief depicting sea of milk, mandalas in harmony with universe

Borobudur Temple

Java, Indonesia; Sailendra Dynasty; reliefs depicting the “path” of Buddhism to Enlightenment; pyramidal structure with a central stupa

Todai-Ji

Shōgun era (emperor Shomu); rebuilt in the Kamakura era; intermingling of Buddha and politics; massive bronze Buddha in center meant to depict Buddha himself

Longmen Caves

Northern Wei dynasty (most enduring and powerful); central Binyang Cave depicting Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha accompanied by boddhisatvas, symbols of authority and power; used for prayer and worship

Silla Crown

Korea, 3 kingdoms period (5th-6th centuries BC); gold; ancient form of shamanism where kings had priestly role? —found in tombs, so burial purposes; became more elaborate with time; symbolizes world tree (axis mundi); gogok jade “cashews” symbolizing abundance

Funeral Banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)

2nd century BC, 3 registers depicting heavenly realm, life, mourning, underworld, luck dragons; found with her multiple nesting coffins and well-preserved body; a marquis’ wife?